Molecular epidemiology of cassava mosaic disease in M adagascar
Cassava is the staple food for hundreds of millions of people in Africa but its cultivation is seriously constrained by cassava mosaic disease ( CMD ) in Madagascar, and in Africa in general. This study identified the cassava mosaic geminiviruses ( CMG s) involved in CMD in Madagascar and their asso...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Plant pathology 2015-06, Vol.64 (3), p.501-507 |
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Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | Cassava is the staple food for hundreds of millions of people in Africa but its cultivation is seriously constrained by cassava mosaic disease (
CMD
) in Madagascar, and in Africa in general. This study identified the cassava mosaic geminiviruses (
CMG
s) involved in
CMD
in Madagascar and their associated epidemiological characteristics from countrywide surveys. Molecular characterization of
CMG
s in Madagascar revealed an unprecedented diversity and co‐occurrence of six viruses:
African cassava mosaic virus
(
ACMV
),
East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus
(
EACMCV
),
East African cassava mosaic Kenya virus
(
EACMKV
),
East African cassava mosaic virus
(
EACMV
),
South African cassava mosaic virus
(
SACMV
) and the recently described Cassava mosaic Madagascar virus (
CMMGV
). Distinct geographical distributions were observed for the six viruses. While
ACMV
was more prevalent in the central highlands,
EACMV
and
EACMKV
were prevalent in lowlands and coastal regions. Both
EACMCV
and
SACMV
occurred in almost all the localities visited.
PCR
diagnosis revealed that mixed infection (up to four co‐infected viruses) occurred in 21% of the samples and were associated with higher symptom severity scores. Pairwise comparisons of virus associations showed that
EACMCV
was found in mixed infections more often than expected while
ACMV
and
SACMV
were mostly found in single infections. A greater abundance of whiteflies was observed in lowland and coastal areas. Nevertheless, infected cuttings remain the primary source of
CMD
propagation (95%) in Madagascar. |
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ISSN: | 0032-0862 1365-3059 |
DOI: | 10.1111/ppa.12277 |