Sunscreen creams containing naringenin nanoparticles: Formulation development and in vitro and in vivo evaluations

Summary Background The aim of this study was to develop sunscreen creams containing polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) of naringenin for photoprotective and antioxidant effects. Methods Polymeric NPs of naringenin were prepared and optimized. The NPs were incorporated into sunscreen creams and evaluated for in vitro and in vivo skin retention. Results The optimized naringenin NPs showed a size of 131.2 nm, zeta potential −25.4 mV, and entrapment efficiency 32.45%. The absence of drug‐excipient interaction was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. X‐Ray diffraction analysis demonstrated the amorphization of naringenin in nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy showed the sphericity of the NPs with the size of