Biocompatibility of new nanostructural materials based on active silicate systems and hydroxyapatite: in vitro and in vivo study

Aim To evaluate in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo inflammatory response to new nanostructural materials based on active calcium silicate systems (CS) and hydroxyapatite (HA‐CS). Methodology Cytotoxicity of eluates of new nanostructural noncommercial materials CS and HA‐CS, and MTA (White MTA, Angelus® Soluções Odontológicas, Londrina, Brazil) as a control, were tested using the MTT assay on MRC‐5 cells. Eluates of set materials were tested in 100% and 50% concentrations, 24 h, 7 days and 21 days post‐elution. The pH values were determined for undiluted eluates of set materials. Polyethylene tubes containing the test materials (CS, HA‐CS, MTA) were implanted in subcutaneous tissue of Wistar rats. Histopathological examinations were conducted at 7, 15, 30 and 60 days after the implantation. Data were statistically analyzed using three‐way and one‐way anova Tukey's post hoc test as well as Kruskall–Wallis test with Dunn's post hoc test at α = 0.05. Results All materials significantly reduced cell viability; especially when undiluted eluates were used (P