Pharmacokinetics of inorganic cobalt and a vitamin B 12 supplement in the Thoroughbred horse: Differentiating cobalt abuse from supplementation

While cobalt is an essential micronutrient for vitamin B synthesis in the horse, at supraphysiological concentrations, it has been shown to enhance performance in human subjects and rats, and there is evidence that its administration in high doses to horses poses a welfare threat. Animal sport regul...

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