170-kV laser-triggered water switch experiments
We report the results of experiments using a small Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 532 and 1064 nm to trigger a 170-kV pulse-charged water switch. 1-/spl sigma/ jitters as low as /spl plusmn/1.7 ns were demonstrated; an order of magnitude improvement over the /spl plusmn/25-ns jitter of the switch in its...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on plasma science 2005-12, Vol.33 (6), p.2051-2059 |
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| container_title | IEEE transactions on plasma science |
| container_volume | 33 |
| creator | Woodworth, J.R. Chalenski, D. Sarkisov, G.S. Blickem, J.R. |
| description | We report the results of experiments using a small Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 532 and 1064 nm to trigger a 170-kV pulse-charged water switch. 1-/spl sigma/ jitters as low as /spl plusmn/1.7 ns were demonstrated; an order of magnitude improvement over the /spl plusmn/25-ns jitter of the switch in its self-breaking mode. At the optimum observed triggering wavelength of 532 nm, a 7-ns laser pulse gave better results than a 0.15-ns laser pulse. Time resolved optical diagnostics suggest a multistage triggering process in which the laser forms a string of point plasmas between the switch electrodes. These point plasmas expand, cool and merge, forming a vapor column between the electrodes that breaks down rapidly with low jitter. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TPS.2005.860132 |
| format | Article |
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At the optimum observed triggering wavelength of 532 nm, a 7-ns laser pulse gave better results than a 0.15-ns laser pulse. Time resolved optical diagnostics suggest a multistage triggering process in which the laser forms a string of point plasmas between the switch electrodes. These point plasmas expand, cool and merge, forming a vapor column between the electrodes that breaks down rapidly with low jitter.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0093-3813</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-9375</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2005.860132</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ITPSBD</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: IEEE</publisher><subject>Applied sciences ; Breaking down ; CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS ; Connectors, relays, and switches ; Electric breakdown ; ELECTRODES ; Electronic equipment and fabrication. Passive components, printed wiring boards, connectics ; Electronics ; Exact sciences and technology ; Gas lasers ; Jitter ; Laser beams ; Laser modes ; Laser triggering ; LASERS ; Optical (ultraviolet, visible, infrared) measurements ; Optical pulses ; Optical switches ; Optimization ; Physics ; Physics of gases, plasmas and electric discharges ; Physics of plasmas and electric discharges ; Plasma ; Plasma devices ; Plasma diagnostic techniques and instrumentation ; Plasma diagnostics ; Plasma switches (e.g., spark gaps) ; Plasma switches (eg, spark gaps) ; pulsed power ; Strings ; Switches ; Switching ; Voltage ; WATER ; water switches ; WAVELENGTHS</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on plasma science, 2005-12, Vol.33 (6), p.2051-2059</ispartof><rights>2006 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Dec 2005</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c407t-1dfac56206da85cb7e581572783bd52101883e4e3102cf56d2c6709cb065a4b23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c407t-1dfac56206da85cb7e581572783bd52101883e4e3102cf56d2c6709cb065a4b23</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1556696$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,792,881,27901,27902,54733</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1556696$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17366102$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/970702$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Woodworth, J.R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chalenski, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sarkisov, G.S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blickem, J.R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sandia National Laboratories</creatorcontrib><title>170-kV laser-triggered water switch experiments</title><title>IEEE transactions on plasma science</title><addtitle>TPS</addtitle><description>We report the results of experiments using a small Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 532 and 1064 nm to trigger a 170-kV pulse-charged water switch. 1-/spl sigma/ jitters as low as /spl plusmn/1.7 ns were demonstrated; an order of magnitude improvement over the /spl plusmn/25-ns jitter of the switch in its self-breaking mode. At the optimum observed triggering wavelength of 532 nm, a 7-ns laser pulse gave better results than a 0.15-ns laser pulse. Time resolved optical diagnostics suggest a multistage triggering process in which the laser forms a string of point plasmas between the switch electrodes. These point plasmas expand, cool and merge, forming a vapor column between the electrodes that breaks down rapidly with low jitter.</description><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Breaking down</subject><subject>CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS</subject><subject>Connectors, relays, and switches</subject><subject>Electric breakdown</subject><subject>ELECTRODES</subject><subject>Electronic equipment and fabrication. Passive components, printed wiring boards, connectics</subject><subject>Electronics</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Gas lasers</subject><subject>Jitter</subject><subject>Laser beams</subject><subject>Laser modes</subject><subject>Laser triggering</subject><subject>LASERS</subject><subject>Optical (ultraviolet, visible, infrared) measurements</subject><subject>Optical pulses</subject><subject>Optical switches</subject><subject>Optimization</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Physics of gases, plasmas and electric discharges</subject><subject>Physics of plasmas and electric discharges</subject><subject>Plasma</subject><subject>Plasma devices</subject><subject>Plasma diagnostic techniques and instrumentation</subject><subject>Plasma diagnostics</subject><subject>Plasma switches (e.g., spark gaps)</subject><subject>Plasma switches (eg, spark gaps)</subject><subject>pulsed power</subject><subject>Strings</subject><subject>Switches</subject><subject>Switching</subject><subject>Voltage</subject><subject>WATER</subject><subject>water switches</subject><subject>WAVELENGTHS</subject><issn>0093-3813</issn><issn>1939-9375</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc1L5EAQxRtxwdH17MHLKOieMlPVPf11FFFXEFbw49r0dCoajcnY3YO7_72JEQQPe6pD_d4r6j3G9hBmiGDnt9c3Mw4gZ0YBCr7BJmiFLazQcpNNAKwohEGxxbZTegLAhQQ-YXPUUDzfTxufKBY51g8PFKmcvvlMcZre6hwep_R3RbF-oTann-xH5ZtEu59zh92dn92e_i6u_lxcnp5cFWEBOhdYVj5IxUGV3siw1CQNSs21EctScgQ0RtCCBAIPlVQlD0qDDUtQ0i-WXOywg9G3S7l2KdSZwmPo2pZCdlaDhoH5NTKr2L2uKWX3UqdATeNb6tbJWUBltTaqJ4__S3IzBMIH8PAb-NStY9t_6tDKPisrh7vzEQqxSylS5VZ9Oj7-cwhu6ML1XbihCzd20SuOPm19Cr6pom9Dnb5kWiiFHx_tj1xNRF9rKZWySrwDTIeOKQ</recordid><startdate>20051201</startdate><enddate>20051201</enddate><creator>Woodworth, J.R.</creator><creator>Chalenski, D.</creator><creator>Sarkisov, G.S.</creator><creator>Blickem, J.R.</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20051201</creationdate><title>170-kV laser-triggered water switch experiments</title><author>Woodworth, J.R. ; Chalenski, D. ; Sarkisov, G.S. ; Blickem, J.R.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c407t-1dfac56206da85cb7e581572783bd52101883e4e3102cf56d2c6709cb065a4b23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Breaking down</topic><topic>CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS</topic><topic>Connectors, relays, and switches</topic><topic>Electric breakdown</topic><topic>ELECTRODES</topic><topic>Electronic equipment and fabrication. Passive components, printed wiring boards, connectics</topic><topic>Electronics</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Gas lasers</topic><topic>Jitter</topic><topic>Laser beams</topic><topic>Laser modes</topic><topic>Laser triggering</topic><topic>LASERS</topic><topic>Optical (ultraviolet, visible, infrared) measurements</topic><topic>Optical pulses</topic><topic>Optical switches</topic><topic>Optimization</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Physics of gases, plasmas and electric discharges</topic><topic>Physics of plasmas and electric discharges</topic><topic>Plasma</topic><topic>Plasma devices</topic><topic>Plasma diagnostic techniques and instrumentation</topic><topic>Plasma diagnostics</topic><topic>Plasma switches (e.g., spark gaps)</topic><topic>Plasma switches (eg, spark gaps)</topic><topic>pulsed power</topic><topic>Strings</topic><topic>Switches</topic><topic>Switching</topic><topic>Voltage</topic><topic>WATER</topic><topic>water switches</topic><topic>WAVELENGTHS</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Woodworth, J.R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chalenski, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sarkisov, G.S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blickem, J.R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sandia National Laboratories</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>IEEE transactions on plasma science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Woodworth, J.R.</au><au>Chalenski, D.</au><au>Sarkisov, G.S.</au><au>Blickem, J.R.</au><aucorp>Sandia National Laboratories</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>170-kV laser-triggered water switch experiments</atitle><jtitle>IEEE transactions on plasma science</jtitle><stitle>TPS</stitle><date>2005-12-01</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>33</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>2051</spage><epage>2059</epage><pages>2051-2059</pages><issn>0093-3813</issn><eissn>1939-9375</eissn><coden>ITPSBD</coden><abstract>We report the results of experiments using a small Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 532 and 1064 nm to trigger a 170-kV pulse-charged water switch. 1-/spl sigma/ jitters as low as /spl plusmn/1.7 ns were demonstrated; an order of magnitude improvement over the /spl plusmn/25-ns jitter of the switch in its self-breaking mode. At the optimum observed triggering wavelength of 532 nm, a 7-ns laser pulse gave better results than a 0.15-ns laser pulse. Time resolved optical diagnostics suggest a multistage triggering process in which the laser forms a string of point plasmas between the switch electrodes. These point plasmas expand, cool and merge, forming a vapor column between the electrodes that breaks down rapidly with low jitter.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/TPS.2005.860132</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Applied sciences Breaking down CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS Connectors, relays, and switches Electric breakdown ELECTRODES Electronic equipment and fabrication. Passive components, printed wiring boards, connectics Electronics Exact sciences and technology Gas lasers Jitter Laser beams Laser modes Laser triggering LASERS Optical (ultraviolet, visible, infrared) measurements Optical pulses Optical switches Optimization Physics Physics of gases, plasmas and electric discharges Physics of plasmas and electric discharges Plasma Plasma devices Plasma diagnostic techniques and instrumentation Plasma diagnostics Plasma switches (e.g., spark gaps) Plasma switches (eg, spark gaps) pulsed power Strings Switches Switching Voltage WATER water switches WAVELENGTHS |
| title | 170-kV laser-triggered water switch experiments |
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