Intermodulation Distortions of Bang-Bang Control Class D Amplifiers
Audio Class D amplifiers (CDAs) based on bang-bang architecture are arguably the most power efficient architecture of all CDAs reported to-date due to their sheer hardware simplicity. At this juncture, the intermodulation distortion (IMD), an imperative measure that defines fidelity, remains unrepor...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on power electronics 2014-12, Vol.29 (12), p.6604-6614 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext bestellen |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 6614 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 12 |
| container_start_page | 6604 |
| container_title | IEEE transactions on power electronics |
| container_volume | 29 |
| creator | Guo, Linfei Ge, Tong Chang, Joseph |
| description | Audio Class D amplifiers (CDAs) based on bang-bang architecture are arguably the most power efficient architecture of all CDAs reported to-date due to their sheer hardware simplicity. At this juncture, the intermodulation distortion (IMD), an imperative measure that defines fidelity, remains unreported for bang-bang CDAs. In this paper, we investigate the mechanisms of and circuit parameters affecting the IMD of bang-bang CDAs. An interesting phenomenon is that the even-order IMD which is usually negligible/unreported in other CDAs and linear amplifiers may be higher than odd-order IMD therein. We derive analytical expressions for the IMD of the ideal and practical bang-bang CDAs, and the derived expressions are verified against HSPICE simulations and on the basis of measurements on a physical bang-bang CDA. These derived analytical expressions are useful as they provide valuable insights to the design of bang-bang CDAs and how parameters can be tradedoff to improve the IMD. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TPEL.2014.2305432 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_RIE</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2014_2305432</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><ieee_id>6736069</ieee_id><sourcerecordid>1567134862</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c326t-d809ef51e9df22b9b267b5b000c41a81c8a11b697470b91c20a5f22f4b8a065a3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpd0LFOwzAQBmALgUQpPABiicTCknJnx449lrRApUowlNlyUge5SuJiJwNvT6IiBpa7G747nX5CbhEWiKAed-_r7YICZgvKgGeMnpEZqgxTQMjPyQyk5KlUil2SqxgPMEoOOCPFputtaP1-aEzvfJesXOx9mMaY-Dp5Mt1nOpWk8F0ffJMUjYkxWSXL9ti42tkQr8lFbZpob377nHw8r3fFa7p9e9kUy21aMSr6dC9B2ZqjVfua0lKVVOQlLwGgytBIrKRBLIXKsxxKhRUFw0dYZ6U0ILhhc_JwunsM_muwsdeti5VtGtNZP0SNXOTIMinoSO__0YMfQjd-NyrOgSJFMSo8qSr4GIOt9TG41oRvjaCnWPUUq55i1b-xjjt3px1nrf3zImcChGI_-Vdxtg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1555021216</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Intermodulation Distortions of Bang-Bang Control Class D Amplifiers</title><source>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</source><creator>Guo, Linfei ; Ge, Tong ; Chang, Joseph</creator><creatorcontrib>Guo, Linfei ; Ge, Tong ; Chang, Joseph</creatorcontrib><description>Audio Class D amplifiers (CDAs) based on bang-bang architecture are arguably the most power efficient architecture of all CDAs reported to-date due to their sheer hardware simplicity. At this juncture, the intermodulation distortion (IMD), an imperative measure that defines fidelity, remains unreported for bang-bang CDAs. In this paper, we investigate the mechanisms of and circuit parameters affecting the IMD of bang-bang CDAs. An interesting phenomenon is that the even-order IMD which is usually negligible/unreported in other CDAs and linear amplifiers may be higher than odd-order IMD therein. We derive analytical expressions for the IMD of the ideal and practical bang-bang CDAs, and the derived expressions are verified against HSPICE simulations and on the basis of measurements on a physical bang-bang CDA. These derived analytical expressions are useful as they provide valuable insights to the design of bang-bang CDAs and how parameters can be tradedoff to improve the IMD.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0885-8993</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1941-0107</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2014.2305432</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ITPEE8</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: IEEE</publisher><subject>Amplifiers ; Architectural acoustics ; Architecture (computers) ; Bang-bang control ; Circuits ; class D amplifier (CDA) ; Electrical engineering ; Exact solutions ; Hardware ; Hysteresis ; Integrated circuits ; Intermodulation distortion ; intermodulation distortion (IMD) ; linearity ; Mathematical analysis ; Power supplies ; Pulse width modulation ; Receivers & amplifiers ; Simulation ; Switches ; Switching frequency</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on power electronics, 2014-12, Vol.29 (12), p.6604-6614</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Dec 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c326t-d809ef51e9df22b9b267b5b000c41a81c8a11b697470b91c20a5f22f4b8a065a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c326t-d809ef51e9df22b9b267b5b000c41a81c8a11b697470b91c20a5f22f4b8a065a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6736069$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,796,27924,27925,54758</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6736069$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Guo, Linfei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ge, Tong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Joseph</creatorcontrib><title>Intermodulation Distortions of Bang-Bang Control Class D Amplifiers</title><title>IEEE transactions on power electronics</title><addtitle>TPEL</addtitle><description>Audio Class D amplifiers (CDAs) based on bang-bang architecture are arguably the most power efficient architecture of all CDAs reported to-date due to their sheer hardware simplicity. At this juncture, the intermodulation distortion (IMD), an imperative measure that defines fidelity, remains unreported for bang-bang CDAs. In this paper, we investigate the mechanisms of and circuit parameters affecting the IMD of bang-bang CDAs. An interesting phenomenon is that the even-order IMD which is usually negligible/unreported in other CDAs and linear amplifiers may be higher than odd-order IMD therein. We derive analytical expressions for the IMD of the ideal and practical bang-bang CDAs, and the derived expressions are verified against HSPICE simulations and on the basis of measurements on a physical bang-bang CDA. These derived analytical expressions are useful as they provide valuable insights to the design of bang-bang CDAs and how parameters can be tradedoff to improve the IMD.</description><subject>Amplifiers</subject><subject>Architectural acoustics</subject><subject>Architecture (computers)</subject><subject>Bang-bang control</subject><subject>Circuits</subject><subject>class D amplifier (CDA)</subject><subject>Electrical engineering</subject><subject>Exact solutions</subject><subject>Hardware</subject><subject>Hysteresis</subject><subject>Integrated circuits</subject><subject>Intermodulation distortion</subject><subject>intermodulation distortion (IMD)</subject><subject>linearity</subject><subject>Mathematical analysis</subject><subject>Power supplies</subject><subject>Pulse width modulation</subject><subject>Receivers & amplifiers</subject><subject>Simulation</subject><subject>Switches</subject><subject>Switching frequency</subject><issn>0885-8993</issn><issn>1941-0107</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNpd0LFOwzAQBmALgUQpPABiicTCknJnx449lrRApUowlNlyUge5SuJiJwNvT6IiBpa7G747nX5CbhEWiKAed-_r7YICZgvKgGeMnpEZqgxTQMjPyQyk5KlUil2SqxgPMEoOOCPFputtaP1-aEzvfJesXOx9mMaY-Dp5Mt1nOpWk8F0ffJMUjYkxWSXL9ti42tkQr8lFbZpob377nHw8r3fFa7p9e9kUy21aMSr6dC9B2ZqjVfua0lKVVOQlLwGgytBIrKRBLIXKsxxKhRUFw0dYZ6U0ILhhc_JwunsM_muwsdeti5VtGtNZP0SNXOTIMinoSO__0YMfQjd-NyrOgSJFMSo8qSr4GIOt9TG41oRvjaCnWPUUq55i1b-xjjt3px1nrf3zImcChGI_-Vdxtg</recordid><startdate>20141201</startdate><enddate>20141201</enddate><creator>Guo, Linfei</creator><creator>Ge, Tong</creator><creator>Chang, Joseph</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>F28</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20141201</creationdate><title>Intermodulation Distortions of Bang-Bang Control Class D Amplifiers</title><author>Guo, Linfei ; Ge, Tong ; Chang, Joseph</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c326t-d809ef51e9df22b9b267b5b000c41a81c8a11b697470b91c20a5f22f4b8a065a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Amplifiers</topic><topic>Architectural acoustics</topic><topic>Architecture (computers)</topic><topic>Bang-bang control</topic><topic>Circuits</topic><topic>class D amplifier (CDA)</topic><topic>Electrical engineering</topic><topic>Exact solutions</topic><topic>Hardware</topic><topic>Hysteresis</topic><topic>Integrated circuits</topic><topic>Intermodulation distortion</topic><topic>intermodulation distortion (IMD)</topic><topic>linearity</topic><topic>Mathematical analysis</topic><topic>Power supplies</topic><topic>Pulse width modulation</topic><topic>Receivers & amplifiers</topic><topic>Simulation</topic><topic>Switches</topic><topic>Switching frequency</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Guo, Linfei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ge, Tong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Joseph</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><jtitle>IEEE transactions on power electronics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Guo, Linfei</au><au>Ge, Tong</au><au>Chang, Joseph</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Intermodulation Distortions of Bang-Bang Control Class D Amplifiers</atitle><jtitle>IEEE transactions on power electronics</jtitle><stitle>TPEL</stitle><date>2014-12-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>29</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>6604</spage><epage>6614</epage><pages>6604-6614</pages><issn>0885-8993</issn><eissn>1941-0107</eissn><coden>ITPEE8</coden><abstract>Audio Class D amplifiers (CDAs) based on bang-bang architecture are arguably the most power efficient architecture of all CDAs reported to-date due to their sheer hardware simplicity. At this juncture, the intermodulation distortion (IMD), an imperative measure that defines fidelity, remains unreported for bang-bang CDAs. In this paper, we investigate the mechanisms of and circuit parameters affecting the IMD of bang-bang CDAs. An interesting phenomenon is that the even-order IMD which is usually negligible/unreported in other CDAs and linear amplifiers may be higher than odd-order IMD therein. We derive analytical expressions for the IMD of the ideal and practical bang-bang CDAs, and the derived expressions are verified against HSPICE simulations and on the basis of measurements on a physical bang-bang CDA. These derived analytical expressions are useful as they provide valuable insights to the design of bang-bang CDAs and how parameters can be tradedoff to improve the IMD.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/TPEL.2014.2305432</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| identifier | ISSN: 0885-8993 |
| ispartof | IEEE transactions on power electronics, 2014-12, Vol.29 (12), p.6604-6614 |
| issn | 0885-8993 1941-0107 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2014_2305432 |
| source | IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) |
| subjects | Amplifiers Architectural acoustics Architecture (computers) Bang-bang control Circuits class D amplifier (CDA) Electrical engineering Exact solutions Hardware Hysteresis Integrated circuits Intermodulation distortion intermodulation distortion (IMD) linearity Mathematical analysis Power supplies Pulse width modulation Receivers & amplifiers Simulation Switches Switching frequency |
| title | Intermodulation Distortions of Bang-Bang Control Class D Amplifiers |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-07T09%3A51%3A03IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_RIE&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Intermodulation%20Distortions%20of%20Bang-Bang%20Control%20Class%20D%20Amplifiers&rft.jtitle=IEEE%20transactions%20on%20power%20electronics&rft.au=Guo,%20Linfei&rft.date=2014-12-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=6604&rft.epage=6614&rft.pages=6604-6614&rft.issn=0885-8993&rft.eissn=1941-0107&rft.coden=ITPEE8&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109/TPEL.2014.2305432&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_RIE%3E1567134862%3C/proquest_RIE%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1555021216&rft_id=info:pmid/&rft_ieee_id=6736069&rfr_iscdi=true |