Flexible Testbed at 300 GHz for Performance Assessment of 1-D and 2-D Antenna Arrays for MIMO Radar Applications
A reference measurement setup for the deployment and test of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) arrays is essential when a new array is optimized according to specific application requirements. For such a reason, in this article, a testbed for the performance assessment of 1-D and 2-D MIMO arrays...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques 2024-01, Vol.72 (1), p.435-445 |
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| creator | Di Serio, Adolfo Schwarz, Dominik Janoudi, Vinzenz Durr, Andre Geiger, Martin Hitzler, Martin Glisic, Srdjan Winkler, Wolfgang Waldschmidt, Christian |
| description | A reference measurement setup for the deployment and test of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) arrays is essential when a new array is optimized according to specific application requirements. For such a reason, in this article, a testbed for the performance assessment of 1-D and 2-D MIMO arrays at 300 GHz for radar applications is proposed. The system is based on monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) to dielectric waveguide (DWG) transitions, which makes the array element positions independent of the positions of the MMICs on the hardware back-end. The antenna arrays to be tested are fed through DWGs, which are extremely mechanically flexible and easy to reconnect to different antenna arrays. The effectiveness of the proposed testbed is demonstrated by the test of three different antenna arrays made of three transmitters and two receivers. One 1-D MIMO array and two 2-D MIMO arrays are designed for this purpose. The antenna positions are optimized through a genetic algorithm based on the analysis of the ambiguity function associated with the array. This optimization shows that even with a reduced number of array elements, it is possible to perform direction of arrival (DoA) estimation on both azimuth and elevation angles at 300 GHz. The optimized antenna arrays are then tested through the proposed system. An analysis of the measured ambiguity functions associated with the arrays shows a strong agreement with the simulated ones and demonstrates the functionality of the system. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TMTT.2023.3291213 |
| format | Article |
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For such a reason, in this article, a testbed for the performance assessment of 1-D and 2-D MIMO arrays at 300 GHz for radar applications is proposed. The system is based on monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) to dielectric waveguide (DWG) transitions, which makes the array element positions independent of the positions of the MMICs on the hardware back-end. The antenna arrays to be tested are fed through DWGs, which are extremely mechanically flexible and easy to reconnect to different antenna arrays. The effectiveness of the proposed testbed is demonstrated by the test of three different antenna arrays made of three transmitters and two receivers. One 1-D MIMO array and two 2-D MIMO arrays are designed for this purpose. The antenna positions are optimized through a genetic algorithm based on the analysis of the ambiguity function associated with the array. This optimization shows that even with a reduced number of array elements, it is possible to perform direction of arrival (DoA) estimation on both azimuth and elevation angles at 300 GHz. The optimized antenna arrays are then tested through the proposed system. An analysis of the measured ambiguity functions associated with the arrays shows a strong agreement with the simulated ones and demonstrates the functionality of the system.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-9480</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1557-9670</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2023.3291213</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IETMAB</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: IEEE</publisher><subject>1-D multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) array ; 2-D MIMO array ; 300-GHz radar ; Ambiguity ; Angle estimation ; Antenna arrays ; Antennas ; Arrays ; Dielectric waveguides ; Direction of arrival ; direction of arrival (DoA) estimation ; Direction-of-arrival estimation ; Genetic algorithms ; Integrated circuits ; Lenses ; Microwave antenna arrays ; MIMO ; MIMO communication ; MIMO radar ; MMIC (circuits) ; Performance assessment ; Radar ; Radar antennas ; Radar arrays ; Radar imaging ; Test stands ; Transmitters</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques, 2024-01, Vol.72 (1), p.435-445</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 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For such a reason, in this article, a testbed for the performance assessment of 1-D and 2-D MIMO arrays at 300 GHz for radar applications is proposed. The system is based on monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) to dielectric waveguide (DWG) transitions, which makes the array element positions independent of the positions of the MMICs on the hardware back-end. The antenna arrays to be tested are fed through DWGs, which are extremely mechanically flexible and easy to reconnect to different antenna arrays. The effectiveness of the proposed testbed is demonstrated by the test of three different antenna arrays made of three transmitters and two receivers. One 1-D MIMO array and two 2-D MIMO arrays are designed for this purpose. The antenna positions are optimized through a genetic algorithm based on the analysis of the ambiguity function associated with the array. This optimization shows that even with a reduced number of array elements, it is possible to perform direction of arrival (DoA) estimation on both azimuth and elevation angles at 300 GHz. The optimized antenna arrays are then tested through the proposed system. An analysis of the measured ambiguity functions associated with the arrays shows a strong agreement with the simulated ones and demonstrates the functionality of the system.</description><subject>1-D multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) array</subject><subject>2-D MIMO array</subject><subject>300-GHz radar</subject><subject>Ambiguity</subject><subject>Angle estimation</subject><subject>Antenna arrays</subject><subject>Antennas</subject><subject>Arrays</subject><subject>Dielectric waveguides</subject><subject>Direction of arrival</subject><subject>direction of arrival (DoA) estimation</subject><subject>Direction-of-arrival estimation</subject><subject>Genetic algorithms</subject><subject>Integrated circuits</subject><subject>Lenses</subject><subject>Microwave antenna arrays</subject><subject>MIMO</subject><subject>MIMO communication</subject><subject>MIMO radar</subject><subject>MMIC (circuits)</subject><subject>Performance assessment</subject><subject>Radar</subject><subject>Radar antennas</subject><subject>Radar arrays</subject><subject>Radar imaging</subject><subject>Test stands</subject><subject>Transmitters</subject><issn>0018-9480</issn><issn>1557-9670</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNpNkF9LwzAUxYMoOKcfQPAh4HPnTdM0zWOZ7g9sTKQ-lzS9gY6trUkHzk9v5vbg0-HCOffe8yPkkcGEMVAvxbooJjHEfMJjxWLGr8iICSEjlUq4JiMAlkUqyeCW3Hm_DWMiIBuRfrbD76baIS3QDxXWVA-UA9D54ofaztF3dEH2ujVIc-_R-z22A-0sZdEr1W1N46B5O2Dbapo7p4_-L7herjf0Q9fa0bzvd43RQ9O1_p7cWL3z-HDRMfmcvRXTRbTazJfTfBWZOEmHyKQZ1CAFGClVZSrNlVW2hpozmSlMBAJHRJ7ZOBU6sYkwpk6YMTEKaxXwMXk-7-1d93UI3cptd3BtOFkGQFwwztM0uNjZZVznvUNb9q7Za3csGZQnsOUJbHkCW17AhszTOdOEB_75WcZTKfkvrUxy0w</recordid><startdate>202401</startdate><enddate>202401</enddate><creator>Di Serio, Adolfo</creator><creator>Schwarz, Dominik</creator><creator>Janoudi, Vinzenz</creator><creator>Durr, Andre</creator><creator>Geiger, Martin</creator><creator>Hitzler, Martin</creator><creator>Glisic, Srdjan</creator><creator>Winkler, Wolfgang</creator><creator>Waldschmidt, Christian</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 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This optimization shows that even with a reduced number of array elements, it is possible to perform direction of arrival (DoA) estimation on both azimuth and elevation angles at 300 GHz. The optimized antenna arrays are then tested through the proposed system. An analysis of the measured ambiguity functions associated with the arrays shows a strong agreement with the simulated ones and demonstrates the functionality of the system.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/TMTT.2023.3291213</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8899-9688</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1322-069X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4786-3615</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2090-6136</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9401-9292</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8403-064X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7502-1808</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques, 2024-01, Vol.72 (1), p.435-445 |
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| subjects | 1-D multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) array 2-D MIMO array 300-GHz radar Ambiguity Angle estimation Antenna arrays Antennas Arrays Dielectric waveguides Direction of arrival direction of arrival (DoA) estimation Direction-of-arrival estimation Genetic algorithms Integrated circuits Lenses Microwave antenna arrays MIMO MIMO communication MIMO radar MMIC (circuits) Performance assessment Radar Radar antennas Radar arrays Radar imaging Test stands Transmitters |
| title | Flexible Testbed at 300 GHz for Performance Assessment of 1-D and 2-D Antenna Arrays for MIMO Radar Applications |
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