Nonreciprocal Components Based on Switched Transmission Lines

Nonreciprocal components, such as isolators and circulators, are critical to wireless communication and radar applications. Traditionally, nonreciprocal components have been implemented using ferrite materials, which exhibit nonreciprocity under the influence of an external magnetic field. However,...

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Veröffentlicht in:IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques 2018-11, Vol.66 (11), p.4706-4725
Hauptverfasser: Nagulu, Aravind, Dinc, Tolga, Xiao, Zhicheng, Tymchenko, Mykhailo, Sounas, Dimitrios L., Alu, Andrea, Krishnaswamy, Harish
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container_end_page 4725
container_issue 11
container_start_page 4706
container_title IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques
container_volume 66
creator Nagulu, Aravind
Dinc, Tolga
Xiao, Zhicheng
Tymchenko, Mykhailo
Sounas, Dimitrios L.
Alu, Andrea
Krishnaswamy, Harish
description Nonreciprocal components, such as isolators and circulators, are critical to wireless communication and radar applications. Traditionally, nonreciprocal components have been implemented using ferrite materials, which exhibit nonreciprocity under the influence of an external magnetic field. However, ferrite materials cannot be integrated into IC fabrication processes and, consequently, are bulky and expensive. In the recent past, there has been strong interest in achieving nonreciprocity in a nonmagnetic IC-compatible fashion using spatio-temporal modulation. In this paper, we present a general approach to nonreciprocity based on switched transmission lines. Switched transmission lines enable broadband, lossless, and compact nonreciprocity and a wide range of nonreciprocal functionalities, including nonreciprocal phase shifters, ultra-broadband gyrators and isolators, frequency-conversion isolators, and high-linearity/high-frequency/ultra-broadband circulators. We present a detailed theoretical analysis of the various nonidealities that impact insertion loss and provide design guidelines. The theory is validated by experimental results from discrete-component-based gyrators and isolators and a 25-GHz circulator fabricated in a 45-nm SOI CMOS technology.
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Traditionally, nonreciprocal components have been implemented using ferrite materials, which exhibit nonreciprocity under the influence of an external magnetic field. However, ferrite materials cannot be integrated into IC fabrication processes and, consequently, are bulky and expensive. In the recent past, there has been strong interest in achieving nonreciprocity in a nonmagnetic IC-compatible fashion using spatio-temporal modulation. In this paper, we present a general approach to nonreciprocity based on switched transmission lines. Switched transmission lines enable broadband, lossless, and compact nonreciprocity and a wide range of nonreciprocal functionalities, including nonreciprocal phase shifters, ultra-broadband gyrators and isolators, frequency-conversion isolators, and high-linearity/high-frequency/ultra-broadband circulators. We present a detailed theoretical analysis of the various nonidealities that impact insertion loss and provide design guidelines. 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subjects Broadband
Circulators
CMOS
Ferrites
Frequency modulation
full duplex
Gyrators
Insertion loss
Isolators
linear periodically time-varying (LPTV) circuits
Linearity
millimeter-wave passive components
nonreciprocity
Phase shifters
Power transmission lines
radars
Switches
Transmission lines
ultra-wideband (UWB) communication
UWB circuit techniques
Wireless communications
title Nonreciprocal Components Based on Switched Transmission Lines
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