Load Modulation of Harmonically Tuned Amplifiers and Application to Outphasing Systems
Modulation of load impedance is an effective way to maintain efficient power amplifier (PA) operation over high dynamic range modulated signals. For high efficiency, a load modulation approach can be applied to inherently efficient classes of PAs such as those with harmonic tuning: Class J, Class F,...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques 2017-10, Vol.65 (10), p.3596-3612 |
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| container_issue | 10 |
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| container_title | IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques |
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| creator | de Falco, Paolo Enrico Pednekar, Prathamesh Mimis, Konstantinos Ben Smida, Souheil Watkins, Gavin Morris, Kevin Barton, Taylor Wallis |
| description | Modulation of load impedance is an effective way to maintain efficient power amplifier (PA) operation over high dynamic range modulated signals. For high efficiency, a load modulation approach can be applied to inherently efficient classes of PAs such as those with harmonic tuning: Class J, Class F, and Inverse Class F. This paper presents an analysis of harmonically tuned (HT) amplifiers operating under load modulation conditions, deriving the optimal loading trajectories for these multiple classes of operation. Because these load trajectories are complex, it is then shown-through a series of analysis, simulations, and measurements-that HT amplifiers are better suited for outphasing systems, than conventional amplifiers such as Class B. A design methodology is proposed and validated through design and measurement of a 900-MHz outphasing system, comprising of two Gallium Nitride Class J branch PAs, delivering 44.6 dBm with 75% PAE at saturation, while maintaining PAE above 60% over a 7-dB output power back-off. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TMTT.2017.2731769 |
| format | Article |
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For high efficiency, a load modulation approach can be applied to inherently efficient classes of PAs such as those with harmonic tuning: Class J, Class F, and Inverse Class F. This paper presents an analysis of harmonically tuned (HT) amplifiers operating under load modulation conditions, deriving the optimal loading trajectories for these multiple classes of operation. Because these load trajectories are complex, it is then shown-through a series of analysis, simulations, and measurements-that HT amplifiers are better suited for outphasing systems, than conventional amplifiers such as Class B. A design methodology is proposed and validated through design and measurement of a 900-MHz outphasing system, comprising of two Gallium Nitride Class J branch PAs, delivering 44.6 dBm with 75% PAE at saturation, while maintaining PAE above 60% over a 7-dB output power back-off.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-9480</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1557-9670</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2017.2731769</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IETMAB</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: IEEE</publisher><subject>Continuous modes of operation ; Gallium nitrides ; Harmonic analysis ; Impedance ; Load modeling ; Loading ; Modulation ; outphasing ; Power amplifiers ; Power generation ; System effectiveness ; Trajectories ; Trajectory</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques, 2017-10, Vol.65 (10), p.3596-3612</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c336t-b86dda5720b95c07aaf4bc598becf8c8a2e41e5c568d43d71760b543efc4671c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c336t-b86dda5720b95c07aaf4bc598becf8c8a2e41e5c568d43d71760b543efc4671c3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-9912-8458 ; 0000-0003-3912-8936 ; 0000-0002-9416-7623</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8006300$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,796,27924,27925,54758</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8006300$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>de Falco, Paolo Enrico</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pednekar, Prathamesh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mimis, Konstantinos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ben Smida, Souheil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Watkins, Gavin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morris, Kevin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barton, Taylor Wallis</creatorcontrib><title>Load Modulation of Harmonically Tuned Amplifiers and Application to Outphasing Systems</title><title>IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques</title><addtitle>TMTT</addtitle><description>Modulation of load impedance is an effective way to maintain efficient power amplifier (PA) operation over high dynamic range modulated signals. For high efficiency, a load modulation approach can be applied to inherently efficient classes of PAs such as those with harmonic tuning: Class J, Class F, and Inverse Class F. This paper presents an analysis of harmonically tuned (HT) amplifiers operating under load modulation conditions, deriving the optimal loading trajectories for these multiple classes of operation. Because these load trajectories are complex, it is then shown-through a series of analysis, simulations, and measurements-that HT amplifiers are better suited for outphasing systems, than conventional amplifiers such as Class B. A design methodology is proposed and validated through design and measurement of a 900-MHz outphasing system, comprising of two Gallium Nitride Class J branch PAs, delivering 44.6 dBm with 75% PAE at saturation, while maintaining PAE above 60% over a 7-dB output power back-off.</description><subject>Continuous modes of operation</subject><subject>Gallium nitrides</subject><subject>Harmonic analysis</subject><subject>Impedance</subject><subject>Load modeling</subject><subject>Loading</subject><subject>Modulation</subject><subject>outphasing</subject><subject>Power amplifiers</subject><subject>Power generation</subject><subject>System effectiveness</subject><subject>Trajectories</subject><subject>Trajectory</subject><issn>0018-9480</issn><issn>1557-9670</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNo9kE1LxDAQhoMouH78APES8Nx10iRNelwWdYVd9mD1GtI01SxtU5P2sP_eLl08DS-8zwzzIPRAYEkI5M_FriiWKRCxTAUlIssv0IJwLpI8E3CJFgBEJjmTcI1uYjxMkXGQC_S19brCO1-NjR6c77Cv8UaH1nfO6KY54mLsbIVXbd-42tkQse6m2E_RzMDg8X4c-h8dXfeNP45xsG28Q1e1bqK9P89b9Pn6Uqw3yXb_9r5ebRNDaTYkpcyqSnORQplzA0LrmpWG57K0ppZG6tQyYrnhmawYrcT0GJScUVsblgli6C16mvf2wf-ONg7q4MfQTSdVSgSjTBAmpxaZWyb4GIOtVR9cq8NREVAnfeqkT530qbO-iXmcGWet_e9LgIwC0D_evWyk</recordid><startdate>201710</startdate><enddate>201710</enddate><creator>de Falco, Paolo Enrico</creator><creator>Pednekar, Prathamesh</creator><creator>Mimis, Konstantinos</creator><creator>Ben Smida, Souheil</creator><creator>Watkins, Gavin</creator><creator>Morris, Kevin</creator><creator>Barton, Taylor Wallis</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 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| subjects | Continuous modes of operation Gallium nitrides Harmonic analysis Impedance Load modeling Loading Modulation outphasing Power amplifiers Power generation System effectiveness Trajectories Trajectory |
| title | Load Modulation of Harmonically Tuned Amplifiers and Application to Outphasing Systems |
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