Indirect Subharmonic Optical Injection Locking of a Millimeter-Wave IMPATT Oscillator
Large aperture phased-array antennas operating at millimeter-wave frequencies are designed for space-based communications and imaging. Array elements are composed of active transmit-receive (T/R) modules that are phase and frequency synchronized to a reference signal at the central processing unit b...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques 1986-12, Vol.34 (12), p.1371-1376 |
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| container_end_page | 1376 |
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| container_issue | 12 |
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| container_title | IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques |
| container_volume | 34 |
| creator | Herczfeld, P.R. Daryoush, A.S. Rosen, A. Sharma, A.K. Contarino, V.M. |
| description | Large aperture phased-array antennas operating at millimeter-wave frequencies are designed for space-based communications and imaging. Array elements are composed of active transmit-receive (T/R) modules that are phase and frequency synchronized to a reference signal at the central processing unit by a fiber-optic (FO) distribution network. The implementation of FO links, synchronizing the millimeter-wave Iocal oscillators (LO's), imposes a great challenge. This paper presents results of indirect optical injection locking of a free-running 38-GHz (Ka-band) IMPATT oscillator over the Iocking range of 2-132 MHz, depending on the injected power level (amplifier gain). In the experiment, the nonlinearity of both the laser diode and the IMPATT oscillator is exploited to achieve 12th subharmonic injection locking. The overall system FM noise degradation of the reference signal is 16 dB at 500-Hz offset. The FM noise degradation is dominated by the theoretical limit of 20 log N, where N is the frequency multiplication factor used in subharmonic injection locking. Methods by which optical injection locking may be extended into 60 and 90 GHz are demonstrated. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TMTT.1986.1133551 |
| format | Article |
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Array elements are composed of active transmit-receive (T/R) modules that are phase and frequency synchronized to a reference signal at the central processing unit by a fiber-optic (FO) distribution network. The implementation of FO links, synchronizing the millimeter-wave Iocal oscillators (LO's), imposes a great challenge. This paper presents results of indirect optical injection locking of a free-running 38-GHz (Ka-band) IMPATT oscillator over the Iocking range of 2-132 MHz, depending on the injected power level (amplifier gain). In the experiment, the nonlinearity of both the laser diode and the IMPATT oscillator is exploited to achieve 12th subharmonic injection locking. The overall system FM noise degradation of the reference signal is 16 dB at 500-Hz offset. The FM noise degradation is dominated by the theoretical limit of 20 log N, where N is the frequency multiplication factor used in subharmonic injection locking. Methods by which optical injection locking may be extended into 60 and 90 GHz are demonstrated.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-9480</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1557-9670</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.1986.1133551</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IETMAB</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: IEEE</publisher><subject>Aperture antennas ; Applied sciences ; Circuit properties ; Degradation ; Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits ; Electronics ; Exact sciences and technology ; Frequency synchronization ; Injection-locked oscillators ; Microwave circuits, microwave integrated circuits, microwave transmission lines, submillimeter wave circuits ; Millimeter wave technology ; Optical imaging ; Optical network units ; Optical noise ; Phased arrays ; Signal processing</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques, 1986-12, Vol.34 (12), p.1371-1376</ispartof><rights>1987 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c480t-ca9b090051d43cade6952a91c0864f65bba1a8179d20a580f7a4e22a22aa38463</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c480t-ca9b090051d43cade6952a91c0864f65bba1a8179d20a580f7a4e22a22aa38463</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1133551$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>309,310,314,780,784,789,790,796,23930,23931,25140,27924,27925,54758</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1133551$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=8376325$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Herczfeld, P.R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Daryoush, A.S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosen, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sharma, A.K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Contarino, V.M.</creatorcontrib><title>Indirect Subharmonic Optical Injection Locking of a Millimeter-Wave IMPATT Oscillator</title><title>IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques</title><addtitle>TMTT</addtitle><description>Large aperture phased-array antennas operating at millimeter-wave frequencies are designed for space-based communications and imaging. Array elements are composed of active transmit-receive (T/R) modules that are phase and frequency synchronized to a reference signal at the central processing unit by a fiber-optic (FO) distribution network. The implementation of FO links, synchronizing the millimeter-wave Iocal oscillators (LO's), imposes a great challenge. This paper presents results of indirect optical injection locking of a free-running 38-GHz (Ka-band) IMPATT oscillator over the Iocking range of 2-132 MHz, depending on the injected power level (amplifier gain). In the experiment, the nonlinearity of both the laser diode and the IMPATT oscillator is exploited to achieve 12th subharmonic injection locking. The overall system FM noise degradation of the reference signal is 16 dB at 500-Hz offset. The FM noise degradation is dominated by the theoretical limit of 20 log N, where N is the frequency multiplication factor used in subharmonic injection locking. Methods by which optical injection locking may be extended into 60 and 90 GHz are demonstrated.</description><subject>Aperture antennas</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Circuit properties</subject><subject>Degradation</subject><subject>Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits</subject><subject>Electronics</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Frequency synchronization</subject><subject>Injection-locked oscillators</subject><subject>Microwave circuits, microwave integrated circuits, microwave transmission lines, submillimeter wave circuits</subject><subject>Millimeter wave technology</subject><subject>Optical imaging</subject><subject>Optical network units</subject><subject>Optical noise</subject><subject>Phased arrays</subject><subject>Signal processing</subject><issn>0018-9480</issn><issn>1557-9670</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1986</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkU1LAzEQhoMoWKs_QLzkIN62TjYfmxxF_Ci0VHDF4zKbZjXa7tZkK_jvTWnRo8LAMMwzLy_zEnLKYMQYmMtyWpYjZrRKI-dSsj0yYFIWmVEF7JMBANOZERoOyVGMb2kUEvSAPI3buQ_O9vRxXb9iWHatt3S26r3FBR23b2nlu5ZOOvvu2xfaNRTp1C8Wful6F7Jn_HR0PH24Kks6izYtsO_CMTlocBHdya4PydPtTXl9n01md-Prq0lmk5M-s2hqMACSzQW3OHfKyBwNs6CVaJSsa2SoWWHmOaDU0BQoXJ5jKuRaKD4kF1vdVeg-1i721dJH65KJ1nXrWOVagM4V_A0KxqUB8S8wV5InkG1BG7oYg2uqVfBLDF8Vg2oTSbWJpNpEUu0iSTfnO3GM6b1NwNb6-HOoeaF4LhN2tsW8c-5XdifyDd11kys</recordid><startdate>19861201</startdate><enddate>19861201</enddate><creator>Herczfeld, P.R.</creator><creator>Daryoush, A.S.</creator><creator>Rosen, A.</creator><creator>Sharma, A.K.</creator><creator>Contarino, V.M.</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>7SP</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19861201</creationdate><title>Indirect Subharmonic Optical Injection Locking of a Millimeter-Wave IMPATT Oscillator</title><author>Herczfeld, P.R. ; Daryoush, A.S. ; Rosen, A. ; Sharma, A.K. ; Contarino, V.M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c480t-ca9b090051d43cade6952a91c0864f65bba1a8179d20a580f7a4e22a22aa38463</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1986</creationdate><topic>Aperture antennas</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Circuit properties</topic><topic>Degradation</topic><topic>Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits</topic><topic>Electronics</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Frequency synchronization</topic><topic>Injection-locked oscillators</topic><topic>Microwave circuits, microwave integrated circuits, microwave transmission lines, submillimeter wave circuits</topic><topic>Millimeter wave technology</topic><topic>Optical imaging</topic><topic>Optical network units</topic><topic>Optical noise</topic><topic>Phased arrays</topic><topic>Signal processing</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Herczfeld, P.R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Daryoush, A.S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosen, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sharma, A.K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Contarino, V.M.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><jtitle>IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Herczfeld, P.R.</au><au>Daryoush, A.S.</au><au>Rosen, A.</au><au>Sharma, A.K.</au><au>Contarino, V.M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Indirect Subharmonic Optical Injection Locking of a Millimeter-Wave IMPATT Oscillator</atitle><jtitle>IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques</jtitle><stitle>TMTT</stitle><date>1986-12-01</date><risdate>1986</risdate><volume>34</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>1371</spage><epage>1376</epage><pages>1371-1376</pages><issn>0018-9480</issn><eissn>1557-9670</eissn><coden>IETMAB</coden><abstract>Large aperture phased-array antennas operating at millimeter-wave frequencies are designed for space-based communications and imaging. Array elements are composed of active transmit-receive (T/R) modules that are phase and frequency synchronized to a reference signal at the central processing unit by a fiber-optic (FO) distribution network. The implementation of FO links, synchronizing the millimeter-wave Iocal oscillators (LO's), imposes a great challenge. This paper presents results of indirect optical injection locking of a free-running 38-GHz (Ka-band) IMPATT oscillator over the Iocking range of 2-132 MHz, depending on the injected power level (amplifier gain). In the experiment, the nonlinearity of both the laser diode and the IMPATT oscillator is exploited to achieve 12th subharmonic injection locking. The overall system FM noise degradation of the reference signal is 16 dB at 500-Hz offset. The FM noise degradation is dominated by the theoretical limit of 20 log N, where N is the frequency multiplication factor used in subharmonic injection locking. Methods by which optical injection locking may be extended into 60 and 90 GHz are demonstrated.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/TMTT.1986.1133551</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0018-9480 |
| ispartof | IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques, 1986-12, Vol.34 (12), p.1371-1376 |
| issn | 0018-9480 1557-9670 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_crossref_primary_10_1109_TMTT_1986_1133551 |
| source | IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) |
| subjects | Aperture antennas Applied sciences Circuit properties Degradation Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits Electronics Exact sciences and technology Frequency synchronization Injection-locked oscillators Microwave circuits, microwave integrated circuits, microwave transmission lines, submillimeter wave circuits Millimeter wave technology Optical imaging Optical network units Optical noise Phased arrays Signal processing |
| title | Indirect Subharmonic Optical Injection Locking of a Millimeter-Wave IMPATT Oscillator |
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