Experimental Investigation on Oil Spray Cooling With Hairpin Windings
Hairpin windings are gaining increasing popularity in recent years due to their advantages in improving electrical machine performance while reducing manufacturing time and costs. Their geometrical features introduce new challenges and opportunities on thermal management. In particular, spray coolin...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on industrial electronics (1982) 2020-09, Vol.67 (9), p.7343-7353 |
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| container_title | IEEE transactions on industrial electronics (1982) |
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| creator | Liu, Chuan Xu, Zeyuan Gerada, David Li, Jing Gerada, Chris Chong, Yew Chuan Popescu, Mircea Goss, James Staton, David Zhang, He |
| description | Hairpin windings are gaining increasing popularity in recent years due to their advantages in improving electrical machine performance while reducing manufacturing time and costs. Their geometrical features introduce new challenges and opportunities on thermal management. In particular, spray cooling is increasingly being used, since hairpin windings open up regular and accurately defined gaps in the end-windings compared to the traditional random windings. To date, technical literature on the effectiveness of spray cooling with hairpin windings is lacking, with no practical guidelines available to researchers. In this article, taking an existing hairpin-wound stator, a test rig is developed to investigate the cooling ability of different spray cooling setups on the end-windings. Three types of commercial spray nozzles are chosen to carry out a series of experiments, varying the oil flow rate, pressure, outlet velocity, and number of nozzles. The winding temperature and heat transfer coefficients are presented and discussed. Furthermore, the efficiency of spray cooling is reviewed based on the experimental results. Finally, suggestions on designing similar cooling setups and increasing the cooling efficiency are also provided. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TIE.2019.2942563 |
| format | Article |
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Their geometrical features introduce new challenges and opportunities on thermal management. In particular, spray cooling is increasingly being used, since hairpin windings open up regular and accurately defined gaps in the end-windings compared to the traditional random windings. To date, technical literature on the effectiveness of spray cooling with hairpin windings is lacking, with no practical guidelines available to researchers. In this article, taking an existing hairpin-wound stator, a test rig is developed to investigate the cooling ability of different spray cooling setups on the end-windings. Three types of commercial spray nozzles are chosen to carry out a series of experiments, varying the oil flow rate, pressure, outlet velocity, and number of nozzles. The winding temperature and heat transfer coefficients are presented and discussed. Furthermore, the efficiency of spray cooling is reviewed based on the experimental results. Finally, suggestions on designing similar cooling setups and increasing the cooling efficiency are also provided.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0278-0046</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1557-9948</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2019.2942563</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ITIED6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: IEEE</publisher><subject>Coils (windings) ; Cooling ; Cooling effects ; Direct cooling ; electrical machine ; end-winding ; Flow velocity ; Fluids ; hairpin winding ; Heat transfer coefficients ; liquid cooling ; oil cooling ; Oils ; Spray cooling ; Spray nozzles ; Stator windings ; Technical literature ; Temperature measurement ; Thermal management ; Windings</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on industrial electronics (1982), 2020-09, Vol.67 (9), p.7343-7353</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c291t-8caaf62834a06f0b3736c9d595f5693ecdf7fddd3d082f9ab953a82e8892ae133</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c291t-8caaf62834a06f0b3736c9d595f5693ecdf7fddd3d082f9ab953a82e8892ae133</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8866-6653 ; 0000-0003-1070-790X ; 0000-0003-4707-4480 ; 0000-0002-1184-014X ; 0000-0002-8280-1308 ; 0000-0003-3989-2985 ; 0000-0002-3683-8265</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8848870$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,792,27901,27902,54733</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8848870$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Liu, Chuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Zeyuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gerada, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Jing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gerada, Chris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chong, Yew Chuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Popescu, Mircea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goss, James</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Staton, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, He</creatorcontrib><title>Experimental Investigation on Oil Spray Cooling With Hairpin Windings</title><title>IEEE transactions on industrial electronics (1982)</title><addtitle>TIE</addtitle><description>Hairpin windings are gaining increasing popularity in recent years due to their advantages in improving electrical machine performance while reducing manufacturing time and costs. Their geometrical features introduce new challenges and opportunities on thermal management. In particular, spray cooling is increasingly being used, since hairpin windings open up regular and accurately defined gaps in the end-windings compared to the traditional random windings. To date, technical literature on the effectiveness of spray cooling with hairpin windings is lacking, with no practical guidelines available to researchers. In this article, taking an existing hairpin-wound stator, a test rig is developed to investigate the cooling ability of different spray cooling setups on the end-windings. Three types of commercial spray nozzles are chosen to carry out a series of experiments, varying the oil flow rate, pressure, outlet velocity, and number of nozzles. The winding temperature and heat transfer coefficients are presented and discussed. Furthermore, the efficiency of spray cooling is reviewed based on the experimental results. Finally, suggestions on designing similar cooling setups and increasing the cooling efficiency are also provided.</description><subject>Coils (windings)</subject><subject>Cooling</subject><subject>Cooling effects</subject><subject>Direct cooling</subject><subject>electrical machine</subject><subject>end-winding</subject><subject>Flow velocity</subject><subject>Fluids</subject><subject>hairpin winding</subject><subject>Heat transfer coefficients</subject><subject>liquid cooling</subject><subject>oil cooling</subject><subject>Oils</subject><subject>Spray cooling</subject><subject>Spray nozzles</subject><subject>Stator windings</subject><subject>Technical literature</subject><subject>Temperature measurement</subject><subject>Thermal management</subject><subject>Windings</subject><issn>0278-0046</issn><issn>1557-9948</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNo9kE1Lw0AQhhdRsFbvgpeA58TZz-wepURbKPRgxeOyze7WLTGJm1Tsv3dLizAwzPC-8_EgdI-hwBjU03pRFQSwKohihAt6gSaY8zJXislLNAFSyhyAiWt0Mww7AMw45hNUVb-9i-HLtaNpskX744YxbM0YujZLsQpN9tZHc8hmXdeEdpt9hPEzm5sQ-9CmorWpOdyiK2-awd2d8xS9v1Tr2Txfrl4Xs-dlXhOFx1zWxnhBJGUGhIcNLamoleWKey4UdbX1pbfWUguSeGU2ilMjiZNSEeMwpVP0eJrbx-57n07Vu24f27RSEwYYEyYFTyo4qerYDUN0XvfpQxMPGoM-wtIJlj7C0mdYyfJwsgTn3L9cSiZlCfQPaJdlSg</recordid><startdate>20200901</startdate><enddate>20200901</enddate><creator>Liu, Chuan</creator><creator>Xu, Zeyuan</creator><creator>Gerada, David</creator><creator>Li, Jing</creator><creator>Gerada, Chris</creator><creator>Chong, Yew Chuan</creator><creator>Popescu, Mircea</creator><creator>Goss, James</creator><creator>Staton, David</creator><creator>Zhang, He</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 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| ispartof | IEEE transactions on industrial electronics (1982), 2020-09, Vol.67 (9), p.7343-7353 |
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| source | IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) |
| subjects | Coils (windings) Cooling Cooling effects Direct cooling electrical machine end-winding Flow velocity Fluids hairpin winding Heat transfer coefficients liquid cooling oil cooling Oils Spray cooling Spray nozzles Stator windings Technical literature Temperature measurement Thermal management Windings |
| title | Experimental Investigation on Oil Spray Cooling With Hairpin Windings |
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