Effect of Real Terrain on the Lightning Magnetic Fields and Location Accuracy in Yunnan, China
The effects of real terrain on the lightning magnetic fields and location accuracy are studied by using two-dimensional finite difference time-domain method. Two estimation methods of wave arrival time (using the time corresponding to the peak field and 10% threshold of the peak field) are applied t...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility 2021-10, Vol.63 (5), p.1491-1500 |
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| creator | Gu, Jiaying Zhang, Qilin Zhang, Jinbo Hou, Wenhao Yin, Qiyuan Huang, Shiye |
| description | The effects of real terrain on the lightning magnetic fields and location accuracy are studied by using two-dimensional finite difference time-domain method. Two estimation methods of wave arrival time (using the time corresponding to the peak field and 10% threshold of the peak field) are applied to the arrival time delay, and then using the ToA technique with three approaches of arrival time differences to evaluate the location accuracy. It is found that the effect of real terrain on the lightning magnetic fields is due to the enhancement of reflection wave and propagation attenuation of terrain topography. The arrival time of peak value method is delayed from 0.15 to 2.3 μ s, while that of 10% threshold method varied from −0.11 to 0.92 μ s. The lightning location accuracy using the 10% threshold method is least, about tens of meters. Furthermore, considering the specific frequency bandwidth of detection sensors, three-order 10- to 500 kHz Butterworth filter was applied. After filtering, the effect of real terrain on the lightning magnetic fields becomes more obvious. The 10% threshold method is still the best way for lightning location, and the frequency bandwidth of different sensors on the effect of the location accuracy cannot be ignored. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TEMC.2021.3063498 |
| format | Article |
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Two estimation methods of wave arrival time (using the time corresponding to the peak field and 10% threshold of the peak field) are applied to the arrival time delay, and then using the ToA technique with three approaches of arrival time differences to evaluate the location accuracy. It is found that the effect of real terrain on the lightning magnetic fields is due to the enhancement of reflection wave and propagation attenuation of terrain topography. The arrival time of peak value method is delayed from 0.15 to 2.3 μ s, while that of 10% threshold method varied from −0.11 to 0.92 μ s. The lightning location accuracy using the 10% threshold method is least, about tens of meters. Furthermore, considering the specific frequency bandwidth of detection sensors, three-order 10- to 500 kHz Butterworth filter was applied. After filtering, the effect of real terrain on the lightning magnetic fields becomes more obvious. The 10% threshold method is still the best way for lightning location, and the frequency bandwidth of different sensors on the effect of the location accuracy cannot be ignored.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-9375</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-187X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TEMC.2021.3063498</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IEMCAE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>PISCATAWAY: IEEE</publisher><subject>Accuracy ; Arrival time delay ; Butterworth filters ; Delay effects ; Electromagnetics ; Engineering ; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic ; Finite difference method ; Finite difference methods ; finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method ; Lightning ; lightning electromagnetic ; location accuracy ; Magnetic fields ; Magnetic separation ; propagation effect ; real terrain ; Science & Technology ; Sensors ; Surfaces ; Technology ; Telecommunications ; Terrain ; Time domain analysis ; Time lag ; Wave attenuation ; Wave propagation ; Wave reflection</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility, 2021-10, Vol.63 (5), p.1491-1500</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>4</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000707443900029</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c293t-489bb163e210343b77a43851d9a38a8e5b223480a7230d90c4ea5457a29b582d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c293t-489bb163e210343b77a43851d9a38a8e5b223480a7230d90c4ea5457a29b582d3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-3405-6232 ; 0000-0002-7220-5721 ; 0000-0002-6641-0251</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9387407$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,797,27928,27929,54762</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9387407$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gu, Jiaying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Qilin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Jinbo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hou, Wenhao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yin, Qiyuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Shiye</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of Real Terrain on the Lightning Magnetic Fields and Location Accuracy in Yunnan, China</title><title>IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility</title><addtitle>TEMC</addtitle><addtitle>IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C</addtitle><description>The effects of real terrain on the lightning magnetic fields and location accuracy are studied by using two-dimensional finite difference time-domain method. Two estimation methods of wave arrival time (using the time corresponding to the peak field and 10% threshold of the peak field) are applied to the arrival time delay, and then using the ToA technique with three approaches of arrival time differences to evaluate the location accuracy. It is found that the effect of real terrain on the lightning magnetic fields is due to the enhancement of reflection wave and propagation attenuation of terrain topography. The arrival time of peak value method is delayed from 0.15 to 2.3 μ s, while that of 10% threshold method varied from −0.11 to 0.92 μ s. The lightning location accuracy using the 10% threshold method is least, about tens of meters. Furthermore, considering the specific frequency bandwidth of detection sensors, three-order 10- to 500 kHz Butterworth filter was applied. After filtering, the effect of real terrain on the lightning magnetic fields becomes more obvious. The 10% threshold method is still the best way for lightning location, and the frequency bandwidth of different sensors on the effect of the location accuracy cannot be ignored.</description><subject>Accuracy</subject><subject>Arrival time delay</subject><subject>Butterworth filters</subject><subject>Delay effects</subject><subject>Electromagnetics</subject><subject>Engineering</subject><subject>Engineering, Electrical & Electronic</subject><subject>Finite difference method</subject><subject>Finite difference methods</subject><subject>finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method</subject><subject>Lightning</subject><subject>lightning electromagnetic</subject><subject>location accuracy</subject><subject>Magnetic fields</subject><subject>Magnetic separation</subject><subject>propagation effect</subject><subject>real terrain</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Sensors</subject><subject>Surfaces</subject><subject>Technology</subject><subject>Telecommunications</subject><subject>Terrain</subject><subject>Time domain analysis</subject><subject>Time lag</subject><subject>Wave attenuation</subject><subject>Wave propagation</subject><subject>Wave reflection</subject><issn>0018-9375</issn><issn>1558-187X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><sourceid>HGBXW</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkE1LKzEUQIMoWKs_QNwEXOrUfDbJUobqe1ARpIJuHDKZO22kZjSTQfz3prY8t2-VBM65lxyETimZUErM1WJ2V04YYXTCyZQLo_fQiEqpC6rV0z4aEUJ1YbiSh-io71_zU0jGR-hl1rbgEu5a_AB2jRcQo_UBdwGnFeC5X65S8GGJ7-wyQPIO33hYNz22ocHzztnkM3rt3BCt-8LZfB5CsOESlysf7DE6aO26h5PdOUaPN7NF-aeY39_-La_nhWOGp0JoU9d0yoFRwgWvlbKCa0kbY7m2GmTNGBeaWMU4aQxxAqwUUllmaqlZw8fofDv3PXYfA_Speu2GGPLKimWAiakRNFN0S7nY9X2EtnqP_s3Gr4qSapOx2mSsNhmrXcbsXGydT6i7tncegoN_HiFEESUEN_mWvzJG-v_p0qeffGU3hJTVs63qAX4Vw7USRPFvGY6MrQ</recordid><startdate>20211001</startdate><enddate>20211001</enddate><creator>Gu, Jiaying</creator><creator>Zhang, Qilin</creator><creator>Zhang, Jinbo</creator><creator>Hou, Wenhao</creator><creator>Yin, Qiyuan</creator><creator>Huang, Shiye</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>BLEPL</scope><scope>DTL</scope><scope>HGBXW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3405-6232</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7220-5721</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6641-0251</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211001</creationdate><title>Effect of Real Terrain on the Lightning Magnetic Fields and Location Accuracy in Yunnan, China</title><author>Gu, Jiaying ; Zhang, Qilin ; Zhang, Jinbo ; Hou, Wenhao ; Yin, Qiyuan ; Huang, Shiye</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c293t-489bb163e210343b77a43851d9a38a8e5b223480a7230d90c4ea5457a29b582d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Accuracy</topic><topic>Arrival time delay</topic><topic>Butterworth filters</topic><topic>Delay effects</topic><topic>Electromagnetics</topic><topic>Engineering</topic><topic>Engineering, Electrical & Electronic</topic><topic>Finite difference method</topic><topic>Finite difference methods</topic><topic>finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method</topic><topic>Lightning</topic><topic>lightning electromagnetic</topic><topic>location accuracy</topic><topic>Magnetic fields</topic><topic>Magnetic separation</topic><topic>propagation effect</topic><topic>real terrain</topic><topic>Science & Technology</topic><topic>Sensors</topic><topic>Surfaces</topic><topic>Technology</topic><topic>Telecommunications</topic><topic>Terrain</topic><topic>Time domain analysis</topic><topic>Time lag</topic><topic>Wave attenuation</topic><topic>Wave propagation</topic><topic>Wave reflection</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gu, Jiaying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Qilin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Jinbo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hou, Wenhao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yin, Qiyuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Shiye</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005–Present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>Web of Science Core Collection</collection><collection>Science Citation Index Expanded</collection><collection>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2021</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gu, Jiaying</au><au>Zhang, Qilin</au><au>Zhang, Jinbo</au><au>Hou, Wenhao</au><au>Yin, Qiyuan</au><au>Huang, Shiye</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of Real Terrain on the Lightning Magnetic Fields and Location Accuracy in Yunnan, China</atitle><jtitle>IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility</jtitle><stitle>TEMC</stitle><stitle>IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C</stitle><date>2021-10-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>63</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1491</spage><epage>1500</epage><pages>1491-1500</pages><issn>0018-9375</issn><eissn>1558-187X</eissn><coden>IEMCAE</coden><abstract>The effects of real terrain on the lightning magnetic fields and location accuracy are studied by using two-dimensional finite difference time-domain method. Two estimation methods of wave arrival time (using the time corresponding to the peak field and 10% threshold of the peak field) are applied to the arrival time delay, and then using the ToA technique with three approaches of arrival time differences to evaluate the location accuracy. It is found that the effect of real terrain on the lightning magnetic fields is due to the enhancement of reflection wave and propagation attenuation of terrain topography. The arrival time of peak value method is delayed from 0.15 to 2.3 μ s, while that of 10% threshold method varied from −0.11 to 0.92 μ s. The lightning location accuracy using the 10% threshold method is least, about tens of meters. Furthermore, considering the specific frequency bandwidth of detection sensors, three-order 10- to 500 kHz Butterworth filter was applied. After filtering, the effect of real terrain on the lightning magnetic fields becomes more obvious. The 10% threshold method is still the best way for lightning location, and the frequency bandwidth of different sensors on the effect of the location accuracy cannot be ignored.</abstract><cop>PISCATAWAY</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/TEMC.2021.3063498</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3405-6232</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7220-5721</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6641-0251</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Accuracy Arrival time delay Butterworth filters Delay effects Electromagnetics Engineering Engineering, Electrical & Electronic Finite difference method Finite difference methods finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method Lightning lightning electromagnetic location accuracy Magnetic fields Magnetic separation propagation effect real terrain Science & Technology Sensors Surfaces Technology Telecommunications Terrain Time domain analysis Time lag Wave attenuation Wave propagation Wave reflection |
| title | Effect of Real Terrain on the Lightning Magnetic Fields and Location Accuracy in Yunnan, China |
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