Unified Frequency-Domain Analysis of Switched-Series- RC Passive Mixers and Samplers
A wide variety of voltage mixers and samplers are implemented with similar circuits employing switches, resistors, and capacitors. Restrictions on duty cycle, bandwidth, or output frequency are commonly used to obtain an analytical expression for the response of these circuits. This paper derives un...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. I, Regular papers Regular papers, 2010-10, Vol.57 (10), p.2618-2631 |
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| container_title | IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. I, Regular papers |
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| creator | Soer, Michiel C M Klumperink, Eric A M de Boer, Pieter-Tjerk van Vliet, Frank E Nauta, Bram |
| description | A wide variety of voltage mixers and samplers are implemented with similar circuits employing switches, resistors, and capacitors. Restrictions on duty cycle, bandwidth, or output frequency are commonly used to obtain an analytical expression for the response of these circuits. This paper derives unified expressions without these restrictions. To this end, the circuits are decomposed into a polyphase multipath combination of single-ended or differential switched-series-RC kernels. Linear periodically time-variant network theory is used to find the harmonic transfer functions of the kernels and the effect of polyphase multipath combining. From the resulting transfer functions, the conversion gain, output noise, and noise figure can be calculated for arbitrary duty cycle, bandwidth, and output frequency. Applied to a circuit, the equations provide a mathematical basis for a clear distinction between a "mixing" and a "sampling" operating region while also covering the design space "in between." Circuit simulations and a comparison with mixers published in literature are performed to support the analysis. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TCSI.2010.2046968 |
| format | Article |
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I, Regular papers</title><addtitle>TCSI</addtitle><description>A wide variety of voltage mixers and samplers are implemented with similar circuits employing switches, resistors, and capacitors. Restrictions on duty cycle, bandwidth, or output frequency are commonly used to obtain an analytical expression for the response of these circuits. This paper derives unified expressions without these restrictions. To this end, the circuits are decomposed into a polyphase multipath combination of single-ended or differential switched-series-RC kernels. Linear periodically time-variant network theory is used to find the harmonic transfer functions of the kernels and the effect of polyphase multipath combining. From the resulting transfer functions, the conversion gain, output noise, and noise figure can be calculated for arbitrary duty cycle, bandwidth, and output frequency. Applied to a circuit, the equations provide a mathematical basis for a clear distinction between a "mixing" and a "sampling" operating region while also covering the design space "in between." Circuit simulations and a comparison with mixers published in literature are performed to support the analysis.</description><subject>Bandwidth</subject><subject>Circuits</subject><subject>Constrictions</subject><subject>Frequency conversion</subject><subject>Frequency domain analysis</subject><subject>Kernel</subject><subject>Kernels</subject><subject>linear periodically time variant (LPTV)</subject><subject>low noise</subject><subject>Mathematical analysis</subject><subject>Mixers</subject><subject>Noise</subject><subject>Noise figure</subject><subject>noise folding</subject><subject>passive mixing</subject><subject>Reinforced concrete</subject><subject>Resistors</subject><subject>Switched capacitor circuits</subject><subject>Switches</subject><subject>Switching circuits</subject><subject>Transfer functions</subject><subject>Voltage</subject><subject>voltage sampling</subject><issn>1549-8328</issn><issn>1558-0806</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNo9kEtLAzEUhYMoWKs_QNxk5yo1j0kmWZZqtaAoTrsOaeYORuZRk1btv3eGFlf3HDjncvgQumZ0whg1d8tZsZhw2ltOM2WUPkEjJqUmVFN1OujMEC24PkcXKX1Syg0VbISWqzZUAUo8j_C1g9bvyX3XuNDiaevqfQoJdxUufsLWf0BJCogBEsHvM_zmUgrfgF_CL8SEXVviwjWbujeX6KxydYKr4x2j1fxhOXsiz6-Pi9n0mfiMqi3RoE3lckFL0Lp0UrMSGJdglFpz6XPwxvQz8yxnua4yo4XLOJPrkgttPAgxRreHv5vY9ePT1jYheahr10K3S1ZLqQzPue6T7JD0sUspQmU3MTQu7i2jdgBoB4B2AGiPAPvOzaETAOA_LzNFjczFHwnxa4U</recordid><startdate>20101001</startdate><enddate>20101001</enddate><creator>Soer, Michiel C M</creator><creator>Klumperink, Eric A M</creator><creator>de Boer, Pieter-Tjerk</creator><creator>van Vliet, Frank E</creator><creator>Nauta, Bram</creator><general>IEEE</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>L7M</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20101001</creationdate><title>Unified Frequency-Domain Analysis of Switched-Series- RC Passive Mixers and Samplers</title><author>Soer, Michiel C M ; Klumperink, Eric A M ; de Boer, Pieter-Tjerk ; van Vliet, Frank E ; Nauta, Bram</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-8e89fa730de88da581de125e966b25c7ec99290747178f4983a4215bd2389ce33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Bandwidth</topic><topic>Circuits</topic><topic>Constrictions</topic><topic>Frequency conversion</topic><topic>Frequency domain analysis</topic><topic>Kernel</topic><topic>Kernels</topic><topic>linear periodically time variant (LPTV)</topic><topic>low noise</topic><topic>Mathematical analysis</topic><topic>Mixers</topic><topic>Noise</topic><topic>Noise figure</topic><topic>noise folding</topic><topic>passive mixing</topic><topic>Reinforced concrete</topic><topic>Resistors</topic><topic>Switched capacitor circuits</topic><topic>Switches</topic><topic>Switching circuits</topic><topic>Transfer functions</topic><topic>Voltage</topic><topic>voltage sampling</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Soer, Michiel C M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klumperink, Eric A M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Boer, Pieter-Tjerk</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Vliet, Frank E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nauta, Bram</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. I, Regular papers</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Soer, Michiel C M</au><au>Klumperink, Eric A M</au><au>de Boer, Pieter-Tjerk</au><au>van Vliet, Frank E</au><au>Nauta, Bram</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Unified Frequency-Domain Analysis of Switched-Series- RC Passive Mixers and Samplers</atitle><jtitle>IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. I, Regular papers</jtitle><stitle>TCSI</stitle><date>2010-10-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>57</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>2618</spage><epage>2631</epage><pages>2618-2631</pages><issn>1549-8328</issn><eissn>1558-0806</eissn><coden>ITCSCH</coden><abstract>A wide variety of voltage mixers and samplers are implemented with similar circuits employing switches, resistors, and capacitors. Restrictions on duty cycle, bandwidth, or output frequency are commonly used to obtain an analytical expression for the response of these circuits. This paper derives unified expressions without these restrictions. To this end, the circuits are decomposed into a polyphase multipath combination of single-ended or differential switched-series-RC kernels. Linear periodically time-variant network theory is used to find the harmonic transfer functions of the kernels and the effect of polyphase multipath combining. From the resulting transfer functions, the conversion gain, output noise, and noise figure can be calculated for arbitrary duty cycle, bandwidth, and output frequency. Applied to a circuit, the equations provide a mathematical basis for a clear distinction between a "mixing" and a "sampling" operating region while also covering the design space "in between." Circuit simulations and a comparison with mixers published in literature are performed to support the analysis.</abstract><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/TCSI.2010.2046968</doi><tpages>14</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Bandwidth Circuits Constrictions Frequency conversion Frequency domain analysis Kernel Kernels linear periodically time variant (LPTV) low noise Mathematical analysis Mixers Noise Noise figure noise folding passive mixing Reinforced concrete Resistors Switched capacitor circuits Switches Switching circuits Transfer functions Voltage voltage sampling |
| title | Unified Frequency-Domain Analysis of Switched-Series- RC Passive Mixers and Samplers |
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