Dynamic Analysis of Cross Flow Heat Exchangers in Data Centers Using Transient Effectiveness Method
Heat exchangers are important facilities used in data center cooling systems. The effectiveness of heat exchangers strongly influences the thermal performance of cooling systems. Rear door heat exchangers, in-row, overhead coolers, and fully contained cabinets are some examples of executing liquid a...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on components, packaging, and manufacturing technology (2011) packaging, and manufacturing technology (2011), 2014-12, Vol.4 (12), p.1925-1935 |
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| container_title | IEEE transactions on components, packaging, and manufacturing technology (2011) |
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| creator | Tianyi Gao Sammakia, Bahgat G. Geer, James F. Ortega, Alfonso Schmidt, Roger |
| description | Heat exchangers are important facilities used in data center cooling systems. The effectiveness of heat exchangers strongly influences the thermal performance of cooling systems. Rear door heat exchangers, in-row, overhead coolers, and fully contained cabinets are some examples of executing liquid and hybrid cooling systems used in data centers. A liquid to liquid heat exchanger is an important component of the coolant distribution unit, which supplies chilled water to the aforementioned heat exchangers. Computer room air handler units are also typically liquid to air cross flow heat exchangers. It is important to characterize the dynamic behavior of these heat exchangers for the thermal management of data centers, to improve the design of control strategies, and energy efficiency. The transient response of a 2-D unmixed-unmixed cross flow heat exchanger, with a finite wall capacitance, is investigated. The transient effectiveness concept is used to build the mathematical models that will be used to solve and analyze the transient problems involving cross flow heat exchangers. Several transient cases are investigated numerically for step, ramp, and exponential variations in the inlet temperature of the minimum capacity rate fluid, as well as step and ramp changes in the flow rate of hot and cold fluids. The transient effectiveness characteristics are tested in parametric studies. The results obtained show that transient effectiveness is a useful method of analyzing and predicting the dynamic performance of cross flow heat exchangers. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TCPMT.2014.2369256 |
| format | Article |
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The effectiveness of heat exchangers strongly influences the thermal performance of cooling systems. Rear door heat exchangers, in-row, overhead coolers, and fully contained cabinets are some examples of executing liquid and hybrid cooling systems used in data centers. A liquid to liquid heat exchanger is an important component of the coolant distribution unit, which supplies chilled water to the aforementioned heat exchangers. Computer room air handler units are also typically liquid to air cross flow heat exchangers. It is important to characterize the dynamic behavior of these heat exchangers for the thermal management of data centers, to improve the design of control strategies, and energy efficiency. The transient response of a 2-D unmixed-unmixed cross flow heat exchanger, with a finite wall capacitance, is investigated. The transient effectiveness concept is used to build the mathematical models that will be used to solve and analyze the transient problems involving cross flow heat exchangers. Several transient cases are investigated numerically for step, ramp, and exponential variations in the inlet temperature of the minimum capacity rate fluid, as well as step and ramp changes in the flow rate of hot and cold fluids. The transient effectiveness characteristics are tested in parametric studies. The results obtained show that transient effectiveness is a useful method of analyzing and predicting the dynamic performance of cross flow heat exchangers.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2156-3950</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2156-3985</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TCPMT.2014.2369256</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ITCPC8</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>IEEE</publisher><subject>Boundary conditions ; Cooling ; Cooling systems ; Cross flow ; Cross flow heat exchanger ; data center ; Data centers ; dynamic performance ; Dynamics ; Fluid flow ; Heat exchangers ; Heat transfer ; Liquid cooling ; Liquids ; Mathematical model ; Mathematical models ; Ramps ; Steady-state ; Transient analysis ; transient effectiveness</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on components, packaging, and manufacturing technology (2011), 2014-12, Vol.4 (12), p.1925-1935</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c414t-8527271aaa559bc647062946c7531e8aaa1e4f9bf2d0ff492cdb8c0a243f3c713</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c414t-8527271aaa559bc647062946c7531e8aaa1e4f9bf2d0ff492cdb8c0a243f3c713</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6963402$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,797,27929,27930,54763</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6963402$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tianyi Gao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sammakia, Bahgat G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Geer, James F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ortega, Alfonso</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmidt, Roger</creatorcontrib><title>Dynamic Analysis of Cross Flow Heat Exchangers in Data Centers Using Transient Effectiveness Method</title><title>IEEE transactions on components, packaging, and manufacturing technology (2011)</title><addtitle>TCPMT</addtitle><description>Heat exchangers are important facilities used in data center cooling systems. The effectiveness of heat exchangers strongly influences the thermal performance of cooling systems. Rear door heat exchangers, in-row, overhead coolers, and fully contained cabinets are some examples of executing liquid and hybrid cooling systems used in data centers. A liquid to liquid heat exchanger is an important component of the coolant distribution unit, which supplies chilled water to the aforementioned heat exchangers. Computer room air handler units are also typically liquid to air cross flow heat exchangers. It is important to characterize the dynamic behavior of these heat exchangers for the thermal management of data centers, to improve the design of control strategies, and energy efficiency. The transient response of a 2-D unmixed-unmixed cross flow heat exchanger, with a finite wall capacitance, is investigated. The transient effectiveness concept is used to build the mathematical models that will be used to solve and analyze the transient problems involving cross flow heat exchangers. Several transient cases are investigated numerically for step, ramp, and exponential variations in the inlet temperature of the minimum capacity rate fluid, as well as step and ramp changes in the flow rate of hot and cold fluids. The transient effectiveness characteristics are tested in parametric studies. The results obtained show that transient effectiveness is a useful method of analyzing and predicting the dynamic performance of cross flow heat exchangers.</description><subject>Boundary conditions</subject><subject>Cooling</subject><subject>Cooling systems</subject><subject>Cross flow</subject><subject>Cross flow heat exchanger</subject><subject>data center</subject><subject>Data centers</subject><subject>dynamic performance</subject><subject>Dynamics</subject><subject>Fluid flow</subject><subject>Heat exchangers</subject><subject>Heat transfer</subject><subject>Liquid cooling</subject><subject>Liquids</subject><subject>Mathematical model</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Ramps</subject><subject>Steady-state</subject><subject>Transient analysis</subject><subject>transient effectiveness</subject><issn>2156-3950</issn><issn>2156-3985</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNo9kE9PwkAQxRujiQT5AnrZoxdw_7d7JAXEBKKHct4syyysKVvsFpVvbyuEuczMy7yXzC9JHgkeEYLVS5F_LIsRxYSPKJOKCnmT9CgRcshUJm6vs8D3ySDGT9yWyHCKWS-xk1Mwe2_ROJjyFH1ElUN5XcWIZmX1g-ZgGjT9tTsTtlBH5AOamMagHELT7avowxYVtQnRtxKaOge28d8QoI1YQrOrNg_JnTNlhMGl95PVbFrk8-Hi_fUtHy-GlhPeDDNBU5oSY4wQam0lT7GkikubCkYga3UC3Km1oxvsHFfUbtaZxYZy5phNCesnz-fcQ119HSE2eu-jhbI0Aapj1ERKlamMctGe0vOp7V6twelD7femPmmCdQdV_0PVHVR9gdqans4mDwBXg1SScUzZH0Qnczo</recordid><startdate>20141201</startdate><enddate>20141201</enddate><creator>Tianyi Gao</creator><creator>Sammakia, Bahgat G.</creator><creator>Geer, James F.</creator><creator>Ortega, Alfonso</creator><creator>Schmidt, Roger</creator><general>IEEE</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>L7M</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20141201</creationdate><title>Dynamic Analysis of Cross Flow Heat Exchangers in Data Centers Using Transient Effectiveness Method</title><author>Tianyi Gao ; Sammakia, Bahgat G. ; Geer, James F. ; Ortega, Alfonso ; Schmidt, Roger</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c414t-8527271aaa559bc647062946c7531e8aaa1e4f9bf2d0ff492cdb8c0a243f3c713</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Boundary conditions</topic><topic>Cooling</topic><topic>Cooling systems</topic><topic>Cross flow</topic><topic>Cross flow heat exchanger</topic><topic>data center</topic><topic>Data centers</topic><topic>dynamic performance</topic><topic>Dynamics</topic><topic>Fluid flow</topic><topic>Heat exchangers</topic><topic>Heat transfer</topic><topic>Liquid cooling</topic><topic>Liquids</topic><topic>Mathematical model</topic><topic>Mathematical models</topic><topic>Ramps</topic><topic>Steady-state</topic><topic>Transient analysis</topic><topic>transient effectiveness</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tianyi Gao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sammakia, Bahgat G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Geer, James F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ortega, Alfonso</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmidt, Roger</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>IEEE transactions on components, packaging, and manufacturing technology (2011)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tianyi Gao</au><au>Sammakia, Bahgat G.</au><au>Geer, James F.</au><au>Ortega, Alfonso</au><au>Schmidt, Roger</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Dynamic Analysis of Cross Flow Heat Exchangers in Data Centers Using Transient Effectiveness Method</atitle><jtitle>IEEE transactions on components, packaging, and manufacturing technology (2011)</jtitle><stitle>TCPMT</stitle><date>2014-12-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>4</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>1925</spage><epage>1935</epage><pages>1925-1935</pages><issn>2156-3950</issn><eissn>2156-3985</eissn><coden>ITCPC8</coden><abstract>Heat exchangers are important facilities used in data center cooling systems. The effectiveness of heat exchangers strongly influences the thermal performance of cooling systems. Rear door heat exchangers, in-row, overhead coolers, and fully contained cabinets are some examples of executing liquid and hybrid cooling systems used in data centers. A liquid to liquid heat exchanger is an important component of the coolant distribution unit, which supplies chilled water to the aforementioned heat exchangers. Computer room air handler units are also typically liquid to air cross flow heat exchangers. It is important to characterize the dynamic behavior of these heat exchangers for the thermal management of data centers, to improve the design of control strategies, and energy efficiency. The transient response of a 2-D unmixed-unmixed cross flow heat exchanger, with a finite wall capacitance, is investigated. The transient effectiveness concept is used to build the mathematical models that will be used to solve and analyze the transient problems involving cross flow heat exchangers. Several transient cases are investigated numerically for step, ramp, and exponential variations in the inlet temperature of the minimum capacity rate fluid, as well as step and ramp changes in the flow rate of hot and cold fluids. The transient effectiveness characteristics are tested in parametric studies. The results obtained show that transient effectiveness is a useful method of analyzing and predicting the dynamic performance of cross flow heat exchangers.</abstract><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/TCPMT.2014.2369256</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) |
| subjects | Boundary conditions Cooling Cooling systems Cross flow Cross flow heat exchanger data center Data centers dynamic performance Dynamics Fluid flow Heat exchangers Heat transfer Liquid cooling Liquids Mathematical model Mathematical models Ramps Steady-state Transient analysis transient effectiveness |
| title | Dynamic Analysis of Cross Flow Heat Exchangers in Data Centers Using Transient Effectiveness Method |
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