Directional Modulation Technique for Phased Arrays
A directional modulation (DM) technique using a phased array to produce the modulation is presented. By phase shifting each element correctly, the desired amplitude and phase of each symbol in a digital modulation scheme can be produced in a given direction with data rates determined by the switchin...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation 2009-09, Vol.57 (9), p.2633-2640 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext bestellen |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 2640 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 9 |
| container_start_page | 2633 |
| container_title | IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation |
| container_volume | 57 |
| creator | Daly, M.P. Bernhard, J.T. |
| description | A directional modulation (DM) technique using a phased array to produce the modulation is presented. By phase shifting each element correctly, the desired amplitude and phase of each symbol in a digital modulation scheme can be produced in a given direction with data rates determined by the switching speed of the phase shifters. Because this signal is direction-dependent, the technique offers security, as the signal can be purposely distorted in other directions. DM also enables an array to send independent data in multiple directions. When using an array with driven elements, the phase shifts can be determined from simple calculations rather than time-consuming simulations or measurements. Mathematical analysis and experimental results are presented. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TAP.2009.2027047 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_RIE</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_crossref_primary_10_1109_TAP_2009_2027047</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><ieee_id>5159486</ieee_id><sourcerecordid>34968879</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c497t-fde42b9b3283bf2398043f38a0626119f69fe60579c8fdcd9ce0af9fbd09987a3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kM1LAzEQxYMoWKt3wcsiKF625muTzLHUT6jYQwVvIZtN6JZttybdQ_97s7T04MHLDMP85jHvIXRN8IgQDI_z8WxEMYZUqMRcnqABKQqVU0rJKRpgTFQOVHyfo4sYl2nkivMBok91cHZbt2vTZB9t1TWmH7K5s4t1_dO5zLchmy1MdFU2DsHs4iU686aJ7urQh-jr5Xk-ecunn6_vk_E0txzkNveV47SEklHFSk8ZKMyZZ8pgQQUh4AV4J3AhwSpf2Qqsw8aDLysMoKRhQ3S_192ENj0St3pVR-uaxqxd20XNOAilJCTw4V-QYEZY8i9IQm__oMu2C8l71EAok1gyliC8h2xoYwzO602oVybskpLuw9YpbN2HrQ9hp5O7g66J1jQ-mLWt4_GOEsAFIT13s-dq59xxXZACuBLsF6JjhbI</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>912370733</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Directional Modulation Technique for Phased Arrays</title><source>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</source><creator>Daly, M.P. ; Bernhard, J.T.</creator><creatorcontrib>Daly, M.P. ; Bernhard, J.T.</creatorcontrib><description>A directional modulation (DM) technique using a phased array to produce the modulation is presented. By phase shifting each element correctly, the desired amplitude and phase of each symbol in a digital modulation scheme can be produced in a given direction with data rates determined by the switching speed of the phase shifters. Because this signal is direction-dependent, the technique offers security, as the signal can be purposely distorted in other directions. DM also enables an array to send independent data in multiple directions. When using an array with driven elements, the phase shifts can be determined from simple calculations rather than time-consuming simulations or measurements. Mathematical analysis and experimental results are presented.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-926X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-2221</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2009.2027047</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IETPAK</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: IEEE</publisher><subject>Amplitude modulation ; Antenna radiation patterns ; Antennas ; Applied sciences ; Arrays ; Delta modulation ; Digital modulation ; directional modulation ; Distortion ; Exact sciences and technology ; genetic algorithm ; Mathematical analysis ; Modulation ; Phase modulation ; Phase shifters ; phase-shift keying (PSK) ; phased array ; Phased arrays ; Pulse modulation ; Radiocommunications ; Signal synthesis ; Switches ; Switching ; Systems, networks and services of telecommunications ; Telecommunications ; Telecommunications and information theory ; Transmission and modulation (techniques and equipments) ; Transmitters</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation, 2009-09, Vol.57 (9), p.2633-2640</ispartof><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c497t-fde42b9b3283bf2398043f38a0626119f69fe60579c8fdcd9ce0af9fbd09987a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c497t-fde42b9b3283bf2398043f38a0626119f69fe60579c8fdcd9ce0af9fbd09987a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5159486$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,792,27901,27902,54733</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5159486$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21905117$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Daly, M.P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bernhard, J.T.</creatorcontrib><title>Directional Modulation Technique for Phased Arrays</title><title>IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation</title><addtitle>TAP</addtitle><description>A directional modulation (DM) technique using a phased array to produce the modulation is presented. By phase shifting each element correctly, the desired amplitude and phase of each symbol in a digital modulation scheme can be produced in a given direction with data rates determined by the switching speed of the phase shifters. Because this signal is direction-dependent, the technique offers security, as the signal can be purposely distorted in other directions. DM also enables an array to send independent data in multiple directions. When using an array with driven elements, the phase shifts can be determined from simple calculations rather than time-consuming simulations or measurements. Mathematical analysis and experimental results are presented.</description><subject>Amplitude modulation</subject><subject>Antenna radiation patterns</subject><subject>Antennas</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Arrays</subject><subject>Delta modulation</subject><subject>Digital modulation</subject><subject>directional modulation</subject><subject>Distortion</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>genetic algorithm</subject><subject>Mathematical analysis</subject><subject>Modulation</subject><subject>Phase modulation</subject><subject>Phase shifters</subject><subject>phase-shift keying (PSK)</subject><subject>phased array</subject><subject>Phased arrays</subject><subject>Pulse modulation</subject><subject>Radiocommunications</subject><subject>Signal synthesis</subject><subject>Switches</subject><subject>Switching</subject><subject>Systems, networks and services of telecommunications</subject><subject>Telecommunications</subject><subject>Telecommunications and information theory</subject><subject>Transmission and modulation (techniques and equipments)</subject><subject>Transmitters</subject><issn>0018-926X</issn><issn>1558-2221</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kM1LAzEQxYMoWKt3wcsiKF625muTzLHUT6jYQwVvIZtN6JZttybdQ_97s7T04MHLDMP85jHvIXRN8IgQDI_z8WxEMYZUqMRcnqABKQqVU0rJKRpgTFQOVHyfo4sYl2nkivMBok91cHZbt2vTZB9t1TWmH7K5s4t1_dO5zLchmy1MdFU2DsHs4iU686aJ7urQh-jr5Xk-ecunn6_vk_E0txzkNveV47SEklHFSk8ZKMyZZ8pgQQUh4AV4J3AhwSpf2Qqsw8aDLysMoKRhQ3S_192ENj0St3pVR-uaxqxd20XNOAilJCTw4V-QYEZY8i9IQm__oMu2C8l71EAok1gyliC8h2xoYwzO602oVybskpLuw9YpbN2HrQ9hp5O7g66J1jQ-mLWt4_GOEsAFIT13s-dq59xxXZACuBLsF6JjhbI</recordid><startdate>20090901</startdate><enddate>20090901</enddate><creator>Daly, M.P.</creator><creator>Bernhard, J.T.</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090901</creationdate><title>Directional Modulation Technique for Phased Arrays</title><author>Daly, M.P. ; Bernhard, J.T.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c497t-fde42b9b3283bf2398043f38a0626119f69fe60579c8fdcd9ce0af9fbd09987a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Amplitude modulation</topic><topic>Antenna radiation patterns</topic><topic>Antennas</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Arrays</topic><topic>Delta modulation</topic><topic>Digital modulation</topic><topic>directional modulation</topic><topic>Distortion</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>genetic algorithm</topic><topic>Mathematical analysis</topic><topic>Modulation</topic><topic>Phase modulation</topic><topic>Phase shifters</topic><topic>phase-shift keying (PSK)</topic><topic>phased array</topic><topic>Phased arrays</topic><topic>Pulse modulation</topic><topic>Radiocommunications</topic><topic>Signal synthesis</topic><topic>Switches</topic><topic>Switching</topic><topic>Systems, networks and services of telecommunications</topic><topic>Telecommunications</topic><topic>Telecommunications and information theory</topic><topic>Transmission and modulation (techniques and equipments)</topic><topic>Transmitters</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Daly, M.P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bernhard, J.T.</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><jtitle>IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Daly, M.P.</au><au>Bernhard, J.T.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Directional Modulation Technique for Phased Arrays</atitle><jtitle>IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation</jtitle><stitle>TAP</stitle><date>2009-09-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>57</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>2633</spage><epage>2640</epage><pages>2633-2640</pages><issn>0018-926X</issn><eissn>1558-2221</eissn><coden>IETPAK</coden><abstract>A directional modulation (DM) technique using a phased array to produce the modulation is presented. By phase shifting each element correctly, the desired amplitude and phase of each symbol in a digital modulation scheme can be produced in a given direction with data rates determined by the switching speed of the phase shifters. Because this signal is direction-dependent, the technique offers security, as the signal can be purposely distorted in other directions. DM also enables an array to send independent data in multiple directions. When using an array with driven elements, the phase shifts can be determined from simple calculations rather than time-consuming simulations or measurements. Mathematical analysis and experimental results are presented.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/TAP.2009.2027047</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| identifier | ISSN: 0018-926X |
| ispartof | IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation, 2009-09, Vol.57 (9), p.2633-2640 |
| issn | 0018-926X 1558-2221 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_crossref_primary_10_1109_TAP_2009_2027047 |
| source | IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) |
| subjects | Amplitude modulation Antenna radiation patterns Antennas Applied sciences Arrays Delta modulation Digital modulation directional modulation Distortion Exact sciences and technology genetic algorithm Mathematical analysis Modulation Phase modulation Phase shifters phase-shift keying (PSK) phased array Phased arrays Pulse modulation Radiocommunications Signal synthesis Switches Switching Systems, networks and services of telecommunications Telecommunications Telecommunications and information theory Transmission and modulation (techniques and equipments) Transmitters |
| title | Directional Modulation Technique for Phased Arrays |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-08T17%3A41%3A43IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_RIE&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Directional%20Modulation%20Technique%20for%20Phased%20Arrays&rft.jtitle=IEEE%20transactions%20on%20antennas%20and%20propagation&rft.au=Daly,%20M.P.&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2633&rft.epage=2640&rft.pages=2633-2640&rft.issn=0018-926X&rft.eissn=1558-2221&rft.coden=IETPAK&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109/TAP.2009.2027047&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_RIE%3E34968879%3C/proquest_RIE%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=912370733&rft_id=info:pmid/&rft_ieee_id=5159486&rfr_iscdi=true |