Watermark BER and Channel Capacity Analysis for QPSK-Based RF Watermarking by Constellation Dithering in AWGN Channel

Radio frequency (RF) watermarking is the technology that embeds the hidden information in the normal communication signals without extra bandwidth, which could be used to identify authentication or transmit secret information. Constellation dithering (CD) is one of the RF watermarking schemes and us...

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Veröffentlicht in:	IEEE signal processing letters 2017-07, Vol.24 (7), p.1068-1072
Hauptverfasser:	Xu, Zhengguang, Yuan, Wenjing
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Bandwidths Cadmium Channel capacity Constellation diagram constellation dithering (CD) Demodulation Dithering Error analysis Error probability Mathematical models Numerical analysis Phase shift keying Quadrature phase shift keying quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) Radio frequency radio frequency (RF) watermarking Symbols Watermarking
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