Watermark BER and Channel Capacity Analysis for QPSK-Based RF Watermarking by Constellation Dithering in AWGN Channel
Radio frequency (RF) watermarking is the technology that embeds the hidden information in the normal communication signals without extra bandwidth, which could be used to identify authentication or transmit secret information. Constellation dithering (CD) is one of the RF watermarking schemes and us...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE signal processing letters 2017-07, Vol.24 (7), p.1068-1072 |
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| creator | Xu, Zhengguang Yuan, Wenjing |
| description | Radio frequency (RF) watermarking is the technology that embeds the hidden information in the normal communication signals without extra bandwidth, which could be used to identify authentication or transmit secret information. Constellation dithering (CD) is one of the RF watermarking schemes and usually used for quadrature phase shift keying signals. In this letter, the two available CD watermarking schemes are analyzed by unified theoretical model and then a new CD scheme is proposed based on the model. All the three schemes are investigated to provide the bit-error-rate formulas for the carrier symbols and watermark bits, and the watermark channel capacities have been presented for the three schemes. The numerical analysis shows that the proposed scheme has the largest watermark channel capacity in the same inaudibility constraint. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/LSP.2017.2710144 |
| format | Article |
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Constellation dithering (CD) is one of the RF watermarking schemes and usually used for quadrature phase shift keying signals. In this letter, the two available CD watermarking schemes are analyzed by unified theoretical model and then a new CD scheme is proposed based on the model. All the three schemes are investigated to provide the bit-error-rate formulas for the carrier symbols and watermark bits, and the watermark channel capacities have been presented for the three schemes. The numerical analysis shows that the proposed scheme has the largest watermark channel capacity in the same inaudibility constraint.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1070-9908</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-2361</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/LSP.2017.2710144</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ISPLEM</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: IEEE</publisher><subject>Bandwidths ; Cadmium ; Channel capacity ; Constellation diagram ; constellation dithering (CD) ; Demodulation ; Dithering ; Error analysis ; Error probability ; Mathematical models ; Numerical analysis ; Phase shift keying ; Quadrature phase shift keying ; quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) ; Radio frequency ; radio frequency (RF) watermarking ; Symbols ; Watermarking</subject><ispartof>IEEE signal processing letters, 2017-07, Vol.24 (7), p.1068-1072</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c291t-4b4252b03df50c3fc69daebf6a8eff2e546446004ce7cd594cbb1a462dc592083</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c291t-4b4252b03df50c3fc69daebf6a8eff2e546446004ce7cd594cbb1a462dc592083</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7936548$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,792,27901,27902,54733</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7936548$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Xu, Zhengguang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yuan, Wenjing</creatorcontrib><title>Watermark BER and Channel Capacity Analysis for QPSK-Based RF Watermarking by Constellation Dithering in AWGN Channel</title><title>IEEE signal processing letters</title><addtitle>LSP</addtitle><description>Radio frequency (RF) watermarking is the technology that embeds the hidden information in the normal communication signals without extra bandwidth, which could be used to identify authentication or transmit secret information. Constellation dithering (CD) is one of the RF watermarking schemes and usually used for quadrature phase shift keying signals. In this letter, the two available CD watermarking schemes are analyzed by unified theoretical model and then a new CD scheme is proposed based on the model. All the three schemes are investigated to provide the bit-error-rate formulas for the carrier symbols and watermark bits, and the watermark channel capacities have been presented for the three schemes. The numerical analysis shows that the proposed scheme has the largest watermark channel capacity in the same inaudibility constraint.</description><subject>Bandwidths</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Channel capacity</subject><subject>Constellation diagram</subject><subject>constellation dithering (CD)</subject><subject>Demodulation</subject><subject>Dithering</subject><subject>Error analysis</subject><subject>Error probability</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Numerical analysis</subject><subject>Phase shift keying</subject><subject>Quadrature phase shift keying</subject><subject>quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK)</subject><subject>Radio frequency</subject><subject>radio frequency (RF) watermarking</subject><subject>Symbols</subject><subject>Watermarking</subject><issn>1070-9908</issn><issn>1558-2361</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNo9kMFPwjAYxRejiYjeTbw08Tz82rVbe4QJaCSKoOG4dF0rw9lhOw777x0BOX0v-d57yfsFwS2GAcYgHmbL-YAATgYkwYApPQt6mDEekijG552GBEIhgF8GV95vAIBjznrBbiUb7X6k-0aj8QJJW6B0La3VFUrlVqqyadHQyqr1pUemduh9vnwJR9LrAi0m6JQu7RfKW5TW1je6qmRT1hY9ls1au_2rtGi4mr7-d18HF0ZWXt8cbz_4nIw_0qdw9jZ9ToezUBGBm5DmlDCSQ1QYBioyKhaF1LmJJdfGEM1oTGkMQJVOVMEEVXmOJY1JoZggwKN-cH_o3br6d6d9k23qnevm-AwLEIQnnEDngoNLudp7p022dWU3qs0wZHu4WQc328PNjnC7yN0hUmqtT_ZERDGjPPoDdvx1JA</recordid><startdate>201707</startdate><enddate>201707</enddate><creator>Xu, Zhengguang</creator><creator>Yuan, Wenjing</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201707</creationdate><title>Watermark BER and Channel Capacity Analysis for QPSK-Based RF Watermarking by Constellation Dithering in AWGN Channel</title><author>Xu, Zhengguang ; Yuan, Wenjing</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c291t-4b4252b03df50c3fc69daebf6a8eff2e546446004ce7cd594cbb1a462dc592083</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Bandwidths</topic><topic>Cadmium</topic><topic>Channel capacity</topic><topic>Constellation diagram</topic><topic>constellation dithering (CD)</topic><topic>Demodulation</topic><topic>Dithering</topic><topic>Error analysis</topic><topic>Error probability</topic><topic>Mathematical models</topic><topic>Numerical analysis</topic><topic>Phase shift keying</topic><topic>Quadrature phase shift keying</topic><topic>quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK)</topic><topic>Radio frequency</topic><topic>radio frequency (RF) watermarking</topic><topic>Symbols</topic><topic>Watermarking</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Xu, Zhengguang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yuan, Wenjing</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><jtitle>IEEE signal processing letters</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Xu, Zhengguang</au><au>Yuan, Wenjing</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Watermark BER and Channel Capacity Analysis for QPSK-Based RF Watermarking by Constellation Dithering in AWGN Channel</atitle><jtitle>IEEE signal processing letters</jtitle><stitle>LSP</stitle><date>2017-07</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>24</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>1068</spage><epage>1072</epage><pages>1068-1072</pages><issn>1070-9908</issn><eissn>1558-2361</eissn><coden>ISPLEM</coden><abstract>Radio frequency (RF) watermarking is the technology that embeds the hidden information in the normal communication signals without extra bandwidth, which could be used to identify authentication or transmit secret information. Constellation dithering (CD) is one of the RF watermarking schemes and usually used for quadrature phase shift keying signals. In this letter, the two available CD watermarking schemes are analyzed by unified theoretical model and then a new CD scheme is proposed based on the model. All the three schemes are investigated to provide the bit-error-rate formulas for the carrier symbols and watermark bits, and the watermark channel capacities have been presented for the three schemes. The numerical analysis shows that the proposed scheme has the largest watermark channel capacity in the same inaudibility constraint.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/LSP.2017.2710144</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) |
| subjects | Bandwidths Cadmium Channel capacity Constellation diagram constellation dithering (CD) Demodulation Dithering Error analysis Error probability Mathematical models Numerical analysis Phase shift keying Quadrature phase shift keying quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) Radio frequency radio frequency (RF) watermarking Symbols Watermarking |
| title | Watermark BER and Channel Capacity Analysis for QPSK-Based RF Watermarking by Constellation Dithering in AWGN Channel |
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