A 24-29.5-GHz Highly Linear Phased-Array Transceiver Front-End in 65-nm CMOS Supporting 800-MHz 64-QAM and 400-MHz 256-QAM for 5G New Radio
This article presents a four-element phased-array transceiver (TRX) front-end for millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) 5G new radio (NR). The effects of amplitude-to-phase (AM-PM) and amplitude-to-amplitude (AM-AM) distortions on error vector magnitude (EVM) are detailed. A three-stage highly linear wideband c...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE journal of solid-state circuits 2022-09, Vol.57 (9), p.2702-2718 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext bestellen |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 2718 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 9 |
| container_start_page | 2702 |
| container_title | IEEE journal of solid-state circuits |
| container_volume | 57 |
| creator | Yi, Yongran Zhao, Dixian Zhang, Jiajun Gu, Peng Chai, Yuan Liu, Huiqi You, Xiaohu |
| description | This article presents a four-element phased-array transceiver (TRX) front-end for millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) 5G new radio (NR). The effects of amplitude-to-phase (AM-PM) and amplitude-to-amplitude (AM-AM) distortions on error vector magnitude (EVM) are detailed. A three-stage highly linear wideband class-AB power amplifier (PA) is described, mitigating AM-PM and AM-AM distortions without degrading other performances. A matching network embedded transmitting/receiving (T/R) switch is proposed to support time division duplex (TDD). With the proposed technique, RF switch insertion losses are reduced in both transmitter (TX) and receiving (RX) modes. In each TRX element, phase and gain controls are achieved by a 6-bit vector-modulated phase shifter (VMPS) with a phase tuning range of 360° and a 6-bit attenuator with a gain tuning range of 31.5 dB, respectively. Fabricated in 65-nm bulk CMOS, the proposed packaged TRX demonstrates the measured peak gains of 25.5/14.2 dB with the gain ripples of less than 2.5/1.9 dB across 24-29.5 GHz in the TX/RX mode. The measured peak P_{\text {1 dB}} is 17.6 dBm with a power added efficiency (PAE) of 20.4%. The measured minimum noise figure (NF) is 4.3 dB. The TRX achieves an output power of 7.9-8.9 dBm and an EVM of −25 dB with 8 \times 100-MHz 5G NR frequency range 2 (FR2) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals across 24-29.5 GHz, covering 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) 5G NR FR2 operating bands (i.e., n257, n258, and n261) around 26 GHz. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/JSSC.2022.3169588 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_RIE</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_crossref_primary_10_1109_JSSC_2022_3169588</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><ieee_id>9769743</ieee_id><sourcerecordid>2706896054</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c293t-dbb949de849614db0a6377b1248eda9ca103aec58ea2dd1d7005a29f26d8f3a63</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNo9kNFKwzAUhoMoOKcPIN4EvE5N0iRNLkuZm7I5tRO8K2mTbh1bO5NOma_gS9u54dXhHL7_P_ABcE1wQAhWd49pmgQUUxqERCgu5QnoEc4lIlH4fgp6GBOJFMX4HFx4v-xWxiTpgZ8YUoaoCjgajr7hqJovVjs4rmqrHXxeaG8Nip3TOzhzuvaFrT6tg_euqVs0qA2saig4qtcwmUxTmG43m8a1VT2HEmM06RoFQy_xBOqOZccT5eLvVjYO8iF8sl_wVZuquQRnpV55e3WcffB2P5glIzSeDh-SeIwKqsIWmTxXTBkrmRKEmRxrEUZRTiiT1mhVaIJDbQsurabGEBNhzDVVJRVGlmEH98HtoXfjmo-t9W22bLau7l5mNMJCKoE56yhyoArXeO9smW1ctdZulxGc7Z1ne-fZ3nl2dN5lbg6Zylr7z6tIqIiF4S9n1Xdp</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2706896054</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>A 24-29.5-GHz Highly Linear Phased-Array Transceiver Front-End in 65-nm CMOS Supporting 800-MHz 64-QAM and 400-MHz 256-QAM for 5G New Radio</title><source>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</source><creator>Yi, Yongran ; Zhao, Dixian ; Zhang, Jiajun ; Gu, Peng ; Chai, Yuan ; Liu, Huiqi ; You, Xiaohu</creator><creatorcontrib>Yi, Yongran ; Zhao, Dixian ; Zhang, Jiajun ; Gu, Peng ; Chai, Yuan ; Liu, Huiqi ; You, Xiaohu</creatorcontrib><description><![CDATA[This article presents a four-element phased-array transceiver (TRX) front-end for millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) 5G new radio (NR). The effects of amplitude-to-phase (AM-PM) and amplitude-to-amplitude (AM-AM) distortions on error vector magnitude (EVM) are detailed. A three-stage highly linear wideband class-AB power amplifier (PA) is described, mitigating AM-PM and AM-AM distortions without degrading other performances. A matching network embedded transmitting/receiving (T/R) switch is proposed to support time division duplex (TDD). With the proposed technique, RF switch insertion losses are reduced in both transmitter (TX) and receiving (RX) modes. In each TRX element, phase and gain controls are achieved by a 6-bit vector-modulated phase shifter (VMPS) with a phase tuning range of 360° and a 6-bit attenuator with a gain tuning range of 31.5 dB, respectively. Fabricated in 65-nm bulk CMOS, the proposed packaged TRX demonstrates the measured peak gains of 25.5/14.2 dB with the gain ripples of less than 2.5/1.9 dB across 24-29.5 GHz in the TX/RX mode. The measured peak <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">P_{\text {1 dB}} </tex-math></inline-formula> is 17.6 dBm with a power added efficiency (PAE) of 20.4%. The measured minimum noise figure (NF) is 4.3 dB. The TRX achieves an output power of 7.9-8.9 dBm and an EVM of −25 dB with 8 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\times </tex-math></inline-formula> 100-MHz 5G NR frequency range 2 (FR2) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals across 24-29.5 GHz, covering 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) 5G NR FR2 operating bands (i.e., n257, n258, and n261) around 26 GHz.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-9200</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-173X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2022.3169588</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IJSCBC</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: IEEE</publisher><subject>5G mobile communication ; Amplitude-to-phase (AM–PM) distortion ; Arrays ; CMOS ; error vector magnitude (EVM) ; fifth generation (5G) ; Frequency ranges ; Gain ; Insertion loss ; Manganese ; millimeter wave (mm-Wave) ; Millimeter waves ; Nonlinear distortion ; Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ; Phase distortion ; Phase shifters ; phased array ; power amplifier (PA) ; Power amplifiers ; Quadrature amplitude modulation ; Receiving ; RF switch ; Switches ; Time division ; transceiver (TRX) ; Tuning ; Wideband</subject><ispartof>IEEE journal of solid-state circuits, 2022-09, Vol.57 (9), p.2702-2718</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c293t-dbb949de849614db0a6377b1248eda9ca103aec58ea2dd1d7005a29f26d8f3a63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c293t-dbb949de849614db0a6377b1248eda9ca103aec58ea2dd1d7005a29f26d8f3a63</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0349-9129 ; 0000-0002-0809-8511 ; 0000-0003-0753-9183 ; 0000-0001-5228-5456 ; 0000-0002-0736-0098 ; 0000-0003-2263-105X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9769743$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,792,27903,27904,54736</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9769743$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yi, Yongran</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Dixian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Jiajun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gu, Peng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chai, Yuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Huiqi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>You, Xiaohu</creatorcontrib><title>A 24-29.5-GHz Highly Linear Phased-Array Transceiver Front-End in 65-nm CMOS Supporting 800-MHz 64-QAM and 400-MHz 256-QAM for 5G New Radio</title><title>IEEE journal of solid-state circuits</title><addtitle>JSSC</addtitle><description><![CDATA[This article presents a four-element phased-array transceiver (TRX) front-end for millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) 5G new radio (NR). The effects of amplitude-to-phase (AM-PM) and amplitude-to-amplitude (AM-AM) distortions on error vector magnitude (EVM) are detailed. A three-stage highly linear wideband class-AB power amplifier (PA) is described, mitigating AM-PM and AM-AM distortions without degrading other performances. A matching network embedded transmitting/receiving (T/R) switch is proposed to support time division duplex (TDD). With the proposed technique, RF switch insertion losses are reduced in both transmitter (TX) and receiving (RX) modes. In each TRX element, phase and gain controls are achieved by a 6-bit vector-modulated phase shifter (VMPS) with a phase tuning range of 360° and a 6-bit attenuator with a gain tuning range of 31.5 dB, respectively. Fabricated in 65-nm bulk CMOS, the proposed packaged TRX demonstrates the measured peak gains of 25.5/14.2 dB with the gain ripples of less than 2.5/1.9 dB across 24-29.5 GHz in the TX/RX mode. The measured peak <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">P_{\text {1 dB}} </tex-math></inline-formula> is 17.6 dBm with a power added efficiency (PAE) of 20.4%. The measured minimum noise figure (NF) is 4.3 dB. The TRX achieves an output power of 7.9-8.9 dBm and an EVM of −25 dB with 8 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\times </tex-math></inline-formula> 100-MHz 5G NR frequency range 2 (FR2) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals across 24-29.5 GHz, covering 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) 5G NR FR2 operating bands (i.e., n257, n258, and n261) around 26 GHz.]]></description><subject>5G mobile communication</subject><subject>Amplitude-to-phase (AM–PM) distortion</subject><subject>Arrays</subject><subject>CMOS</subject><subject>error vector magnitude (EVM)</subject><subject>fifth generation (5G)</subject><subject>Frequency ranges</subject><subject>Gain</subject><subject>Insertion loss</subject><subject>Manganese</subject><subject>millimeter wave (mm-Wave)</subject><subject>Millimeter waves</subject><subject>Nonlinear distortion</subject><subject>Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing</subject><subject>Phase distortion</subject><subject>Phase shifters</subject><subject>phased array</subject><subject>power amplifier (PA)</subject><subject>Power amplifiers</subject><subject>Quadrature amplitude modulation</subject><subject>Receiving</subject><subject>RF switch</subject><subject>Switches</subject><subject>Time division</subject><subject>transceiver (TRX)</subject><subject>Tuning</subject><subject>Wideband</subject><issn>0018-9200</issn><issn>1558-173X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNo9kNFKwzAUhoMoOKcPIN4EvE5N0iRNLkuZm7I5tRO8K2mTbh1bO5NOma_gS9u54dXhHL7_P_ABcE1wQAhWd49pmgQUUxqERCgu5QnoEc4lIlH4fgp6GBOJFMX4HFx4v-xWxiTpgZ8YUoaoCjgajr7hqJovVjs4rmqrHXxeaG8Nip3TOzhzuvaFrT6tg_euqVs0qA2saig4qtcwmUxTmG43m8a1VT2HEmM06RoFQy_xBOqOZccT5eLvVjYO8iF8sl_wVZuquQRnpV55e3WcffB2P5glIzSeDh-SeIwKqsIWmTxXTBkrmRKEmRxrEUZRTiiT1mhVaIJDbQsurabGEBNhzDVVJRVGlmEH98HtoXfjmo-t9W22bLau7l5mNMJCKoE56yhyoArXeO9smW1ctdZulxGc7Z1ne-fZ3nl2dN5lbg6Zylr7z6tIqIiF4S9n1Xdp</recordid><startdate>20220901</startdate><enddate>20220901</enddate><creator>Yi, Yongran</creator><creator>Zhao, Dixian</creator><creator>Zhang, Jiajun</creator><creator>Gu, Peng</creator><creator>Chai, Yuan</creator><creator>Liu, Huiqi</creator><creator>You, Xiaohu</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0349-9129</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-8511</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0753-9183</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5228-5456</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0736-0098</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2263-105X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220901</creationdate><title>A 24-29.5-GHz Highly Linear Phased-Array Transceiver Front-End in 65-nm CMOS Supporting 800-MHz 64-QAM and 400-MHz 256-QAM for 5G New Radio</title><author>Yi, Yongran ; Zhao, Dixian ; Zhang, Jiajun ; Gu, Peng ; Chai, Yuan ; Liu, Huiqi ; You, Xiaohu</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c293t-dbb949de849614db0a6377b1248eda9ca103aec58ea2dd1d7005a29f26d8f3a63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>5G mobile communication</topic><topic>Amplitude-to-phase (AM–PM) distortion</topic><topic>Arrays</topic><topic>CMOS</topic><topic>error vector magnitude (EVM)</topic><topic>fifth generation (5G)</topic><topic>Frequency ranges</topic><topic>Gain</topic><topic>Insertion loss</topic><topic>Manganese</topic><topic>millimeter wave (mm-Wave)</topic><topic>Millimeter waves</topic><topic>Nonlinear distortion</topic><topic>Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing</topic><topic>Phase distortion</topic><topic>Phase shifters</topic><topic>phased array</topic><topic>power amplifier (PA)</topic><topic>Power amplifiers</topic><topic>Quadrature amplitude modulation</topic><topic>Receiving</topic><topic>RF switch</topic><topic>Switches</topic><topic>Time division</topic><topic>transceiver (TRX)</topic><topic>Tuning</topic><topic>Wideband</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Yi, Yongran</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Dixian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Jiajun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gu, Peng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chai, Yuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Huiqi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>You, Xiaohu</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>IEEE journal of solid-state circuits</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yi, Yongran</au><au>Zhao, Dixian</au><au>Zhang, Jiajun</au><au>Gu, Peng</au><au>Chai, Yuan</au><au>Liu, Huiqi</au><au>You, Xiaohu</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A 24-29.5-GHz Highly Linear Phased-Array Transceiver Front-End in 65-nm CMOS Supporting 800-MHz 64-QAM and 400-MHz 256-QAM for 5G New Radio</atitle><jtitle>IEEE journal of solid-state circuits</jtitle><stitle>JSSC</stitle><date>2022-09-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>57</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>2702</spage><epage>2718</epage><pages>2702-2718</pages><issn>0018-9200</issn><eissn>1558-173X</eissn><coden>IJSCBC</coden><abstract><![CDATA[This article presents a four-element phased-array transceiver (TRX) front-end for millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) 5G new radio (NR). The effects of amplitude-to-phase (AM-PM) and amplitude-to-amplitude (AM-AM) distortions on error vector magnitude (EVM) are detailed. A three-stage highly linear wideband class-AB power amplifier (PA) is described, mitigating AM-PM and AM-AM distortions without degrading other performances. A matching network embedded transmitting/receiving (T/R) switch is proposed to support time division duplex (TDD). With the proposed technique, RF switch insertion losses are reduced in both transmitter (TX) and receiving (RX) modes. In each TRX element, phase and gain controls are achieved by a 6-bit vector-modulated phase shifter (VMPS) with a phase tuning range of 360° and a 6-bit attenuator with a gain tuning range of 31.5 dB, respectively. Fabricated in 65-nm bulk CMOS, the proposed packaged TRX demonstrates the measured peak gains of 25.5/14.2 dB with the gain ripples of less than 2.5/1.9 dB across 24-29.5 GHz in the TX/RX mode. The measured peak <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">P_{\text {1 dB}} </tex-math></inline-formula> is 17.6 dBm with a power added efficiency (PAE) of 20.4%. The measured minimum noise figure (NF) is 4.3 dB. The TRX achieves an output power of 7.9-8.9 dBm and an EVM of −25 dB with 8 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\times </tex-math></inline-formula> 100-MHz 5G NR frequency range 2 (FR2) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals across 24-29.5 GHz, covering 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) 5G NR FR2 operating bands (i.e., n257, n258, and n261) around 26 GHz.]]></abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/JSSC.2022.3169588</doi><tpages>17</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0349-9129</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-8511</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0753-9183</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5228-5456</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0736-0098</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2263-105X</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| identifier | ISSN: 0018-9200 |
| ispartof | IEEE journal of solid-state circuits, 2022-09, Vol.57 (9), p.2702-2718 |
| issn | 0018-9200 1558-173X |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_crossref_primary_10_1109_JSSC_2022_3169588 |
| source | IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) |
| subjects | 5G mobile communication Amplitude-to-phase (AM–PM) distortion Arrays CMOS error vector magnitude (EVM) fifth generation (5G) Frequency ranges Gain Insertion loss Manganese millimeter wave (mm-Wave) Millimeter waves Nonlinear distortion Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Phase distortion Phase shifters phased array power amplifier (PA) Power amplifiers Quadrature amplitude modulation Receiving RF switch Switches Time division transceiver (TRX) Tuning Wideband |
| title | A 24-29.5-GHz Highly Linear Phased-Array Transceiver Front-End in 65-nm CMOS Supporting 800-MHz 64-QAM and 400-MHz 256-QAM for 5G New Radio |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-26T20%3A43%3A40IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_RIE&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A%2024-29.5-GHz%20Highly%20Linear%20Phased-Array%20Transceiver%20Front-End%20in%2065-nm%20CMOS%20Supporting%20800-MHz%2064-QAM%20and%20400-MHz%20256-QAM%20for%205G%20New%20Radio&rft.jtitle=IEEE%20journal%20of%20solid-state%20circuits&rft.au=Yi,%20Yongran&rft.date=2022-09-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2702&rft.epage=2718&rft.pages=2702-2718&rft.issn=0018-9200&rft.eissn=1558-173X&rft.coden=IJSCBC&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109/JSSC.2022.3169588&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_RIE%3E2706896054%3C/proquest_RIE%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2706896054&rft_id=info:pmid/&rft_ieee_id=9769743&rfr_iscdi=true |