Eckhaus Instability in Laser Cavities With Harmonically Swept Filters
In this paper, we report the existence of Eckhaus instability in laser cavities with harmonically swept filters, of which Fourier Domain Mode Locked (FDML) laser is an important example. We show that such laser cavities can be modeled by a real Ginzburg Landau equation with a frequency shifting term...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of lightwave technology 2021-10, Vol.39 (20), p.6531-6538 |
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| creator | Li, Feng Huang, Dongmei Nakkeeran, K. Kutz, J. Nathan Yuan, Jinhui Wai, P. K. A. |
| description | In this paper, we report the existence of Eckhaus instability in laser cavities with harmonically swept filters, of which Fourier Domain Mode Locked (FDML) laser is an important example. We show that such laser cavities can be modeled by a real Ginzburg Landau equation with a frequency shifting term arisen from the cavity dispersion. We analytically derived a solution of the governing equation and analyzed its stability. We found that the cavity dispersion introduces a continuous frequency shift to the laser signal such that it will be eventually pushed outside the stable region and trigger the Eckhaus instability. We show that the repeated triggering of the Eckhaus instability in the laser cavities is the dominant effect that leads to the high frequency fluctuations in FDML laser output, which is the unique feature of such laser cavities and intrinsically limits the signal quality of the FDML lasers with nonzero cavity dispersion. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/JLT.2021.3104186 |
| format | Article |
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Nathan ; Yuan, Jinhui ; Wai, P. K. A.</creator><creatorcontrib>Li, Feng ; Huang, Dongmei ; Nakkeeran, K. ; Kutz, J. Nathan ; Yuan, Jinhui ; Wai, P. K. A.</creatorcontrib><description>In this paper, we report the existence of Eckhaus instability in laser cavities with harmonically swept filters, of which Fourier Domain Mode Locked (FDML) laser is an important example. We show that such laser cavities can be modeled by a real Ginzburg Landau equation with a frequency shifting term arisen from the cavity dispersion. We analytically derived a solution of the governing equation and analyzed its stability. We found that the cavity dispersion introduces a continuous frequency shift to the laser signal such that it will be eventually pushed outside the stable region and trigger the Eckhaus instability. We show that the repeated triggering of the Eckhaus instability in the laser cavities is the dominant effect that leads to the high frequency fluctuations in FDML laser output, which is the unique feature of such laser cavities and intrinsically limits the signal quality of the FDML lasers with nonzero cavity dispersion.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0733-8724</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-2213</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2021.3104186</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JLTEDG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: IEEE</publisher><subject>Dispersion ; Eckhaus instability ; Fourier domain mode locking ; Frequency shift ; High frequency ; Holes ; Landau-Ginzburg equations ; Laser cavities ; Laser mode locking ; Laser outputs ; Laser stability ; Laser theory ; Lasers ; Mathematical model ; real Ginzburg Landau equation ; Signal quality ; Stability ; Stability analysis ; swept laser ; Time-frequency analysis</subject><ispartof>Journal of lightwave technology, 2021-10, Vol.39 (20), p.6531-6538</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c333t-6618750847e73b87f4cf13b25427c636d842e2468d1fe36d6598cdeda18ec80e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c333t-6618750847e73b87f4cf13b25427c636d842e2468d1fe36d6598cdeda18ec80e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2862-2760 ; 0000-0002-6004-2275 ; 0000-0003-1410-7792 ; 0000-0003-0180-9971 ; 0000-0002-4975-4175 ; 0000-0001-6083-9973</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9511840$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,796,27924,27925,54758</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9511840$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Li, Feng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Dongmei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakkeeran, K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kutz, J. Nathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yuan, Jinhui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wai, P. K. A.</creatorcontrib><title>Eckhaus Instability in Laser Cavities With Harmonically Swept Filters</title><title>Journal of lightwave technology</title><addtitle>JLT</addtitle><description>In this paper, we report the existence of Eckhaus instability in laser cavities with harmonically swept filters, of which Fourier Domain Mode Locked (FDML) laser is an important example. We show that such laser cavities can be modeled by a real Ginzburg Landau equation with a frequency shifting term arisen from the cavity dispersion. We analytically derived a solution of the governing equation and analyzed its stability. We found that the cavity dispersion introduces a continuous frequency shift to the laser signal such that it will be eventually pushed outside the stable region and trigger the Eckhaus instability. We show that the repeated triggering of the Eckhaus instability in the laser cavities is the dominant effect that leads to the high frequency fluctuations in FDML laser output, which is the unique feature of such laser cavities and intrinsically limits the signal quality of the FDML lasers with nonzero cavity dispersion.</description><subject>Dispersion</subject><subject>Eckhaus instability</subject><subject>Fourier domain mode locking</subject><subject>Frequency shift</subject><subject>High frequency</subject><subject>Holes</subject><subject>Landau-Ginzburg equations</subject><subject>Laser cavities</subject><subject>Laser mode locking</subject><subject>Laser outputs</subject><subject>Laser stability</subject><subject>Laser theory</subject><subject>Lasers</subject><subject>Mathematical model</subject><subject>real Ginzburg Landau equation</subject><subject>Signal quality</subject><subject>Stability</subject><subject>Stability analysis</subject><subject>swept laser</subject><subject>Time-frequency analysis</subject><issn>0733-8724</issn><issn>1558-2213</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNo9kE1LAzEQhoMoWKt3wcuC562ZfGzSo5TWVhY8WPEY0uwsTd3u1iRV-u_d0uJpGHjed5iHkHugIwA6fnotlyNGGYw4UAG6uCADkFLnjAG_JAOqOM-1YuKa3MS4oRSE0GpAplP3tbb7mC3amOzKNz4dMt9mpY0Yson98cljzD59WmdzG7Zd651tmkP2_ou7lM18kzDEW3JV2ybi3XkOycdsupzM8_LtZTF5LnPHOU95UYBWkmqhUPGVVrVwNfAVk4IpV_Ci0oIhE4WuoMZ-LeRYuworCxqdpsiH5PHUuwvd9x5jMptuH9r-pGFSMyb7N3VP0RPlQhdjwNrsgt_acDBAzVGW6WWZoyxzltVHHk4Rj4j_-FgCaEH5H4WfZC0</recordid><startdate>20211015</startdate><enddate>20211015</enddate><creator>Li, Feng</creator><creator>Huang, Dongmei</creator><creator>Nakkeeran, K.</creator><creator>Kutz, J. Nathan</creator><creator>Yuan, Jinhui</creator><creator>Wai, P. K. A.</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2862-2760</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6004-2275</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1410-7792</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0180-9971</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4975-4175</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6083-9973</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211015</creationdate><title>Eckhaus Instability in Laser Cavities With Harmonically Swept Filters</title><author>Li, Feng ; Huang, Dongmei ; Nakkeeran, K. ; Kutz, J. Nathan ; Yuan, Jinhui ; Wai, P. K. A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c333t-6618750847e73b87f4cf13b25427c636d842e2468d1fe36d6598cdeda18ec80e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Dispersion</topic><topic>Eckhaus instability</topic><topic>Fourier domain mode locking</topic><topic>Frequency shift</topic><topic>High frequency</topic><topic>Holes</topic><topic>Landau-Ginzburg equations</topic><topic>Laser cavities</topic><topic>Laser mode locking</topic><topic>Laser outputs</topic><topic>Laser stability</topic><topic>Laser theory</topic><topic>Lasers</topic><topic>Mathematical model</topic><topic>real Ginzburg Landau equation</topic><topic>Signal quality</topic><topic>Stability</topic><topic>Stability analysis</topic><topic>swept laser</topic><topic>Time-frequency analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Li, Feng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Dongmei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakkeeran, K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kutz, J. Nathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yuan, Jinhui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wai, P. K. A.</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Journal of lightwave technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Li, Feng</au><au>Huang, Dongmei</au><au>Nakkeeran, K.</au><au>Kutz, J. Nathan</au><au>Yuan, Jinhui</au><au>Wai, P. K. A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Eckhaus Instability in Laser Cavities With Harmonically Swept Filters</atitle><jtitle>Journal of lightwave technology</jtitle><stitle>JLT</stitle><date>2021-10-15</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>39</volume><issue>20</issue><spage>6531</spage><epage>6538</epage><pages>6531-6538</pages><issn>0733-8724</issn><eissn>1558-2213</eissn><coden>JLTEDG</coden><abstract>In this paper, we report the existence of Eckhaus instability in laser cavities with harmonically swept filters, of which Fourier Domain Mode Locked (FDML) laser is an important example. We show that such laser cavities can be modeled by a real Ginzburg Landau equation with a frequency shifting term arisen from the cavity dispersion. We analytically derived a solution of the governing equation and analyzed its stability. We found that the cavity dispersion introduces a continuous frequency shift to the laser signal such that it will be eventually pushed outside the stable region and trigger the Eckhaus instability. We show that the repeated triggering of the Eckhaus instability in the laser cavities is the dominant effect that leads to the high frequency fluctuations in FDML laser output, which is the unique feature of such laser cavities and intrinsically limits the signal quality of the FDML lasers with nonzero cavity dispersion.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/JLT.2021.3104186</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2862-2760</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6004-2275</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1410-7792</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0180-9971</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4975-4175</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6083-9973</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) |
| subjects | Dispersion Eckhaus instability Fourier domain mode locking Frequency shift High frequency Holes Landau-Ginzburg equations Laser cavities Laser mode locking Laser outputs Laser stability Laser theory Lasers Mathematical model real Ginzburg Landau equation Signal quality Stability Stability analysis swept laser Time-frequency analysis |
| title | Eckhaus Instability in Laser Cavities With Harmonically Swept Filters |
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