Mutually Exclusive Alterations in Secondary Metabolism Are Critical for the Uptake of Insoluble Iron Compounds by Arabidopsis and Medicago truncatula
The generally low bioavailability of iron in aerobic soil systems forced plants to evolve sophisticated genetic strategies to improve the acquisition of iron from sparingly soluble and immobile iron pools. To distinguish between conserved and species-dependent components of such strategies, we analy...
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description | The generally low bioavailability of iron in aerobic soil systems forced plants to evolve sophisticated genetic strategies to improve the acquisition of iron from sparingly soluble and immobile iron pools. To distinguish between conserved and species-dependent components of such strategies, we analyzed iron deficiency-induced changes in the transcriptome of two model species, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and Medicago truncatula. Transcriptional profiling by RNA sequencing revealed a massive upregulation of genes coding for enzymes involved in riboflavin biosynthesis in M. truncatula and phenylpropanoid synthesis in Arabidopsis upon iron deficiency. Coexpression and promoter analysis indicated that the synthesis of flavins and phenylpropanoids is tightly linked to and putatively coregulated with other genes encoding proteins involved in iron uptake. We further provide evidence that the production and secretion of phenolic compounds is critical for the uptake of iron from sources with low bioavailability but dispensable under conditions where iron is readily available. In Arabidopsis, homozygous mutations in the Fe(II)- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase family gene F6'H1 and defects in the expression of PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE9, encoding a putative efflux transporter for products from the phenylpropanoid pathway, compromised iron uptake from an iron source of low bioavailability. Both mutants were partially rescued when grown alongside wild-type Arabidopsis or M. truncatula seedlings, presumably by secreted phenolics and flavins. We concluded that production and secretion of compounds that facilitate the uptake of iron is an essential but poorly understood aspect of the reduction-based iron acquisition strategy, which is likely to contribute substantially to the efficiency of iron uptake in natural conditions. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1104/pp.113.220426 |
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To distinguish between conserved and species-dependent components of such strategies, we analyzed iron deficiency-induced changes in the transcriptome of two model species, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and Medicago truncatula. Transcriptional profiling by RNA sequencing revealed a massive upregulation of genes coding for enzymes involved in riboflavin biosynthesis in M. truncatula and phenylpropanoid synthesis in Arabidopsis upon iron deficiency. Coexpression and promoter analysis indicated that the synthesis of flavins and phenylpropanoids is tightly linked to and putatively coregulated with other genes encoding proteins involved in iron uptake. We further provide evidence that the production and secretion of phenolic compounds is critical for the uptake of iron from sources with low bioavailability but dispensable under conditions where iron is readily available. In Arabidopsis, homozygous mutations in the Fe(II)- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase family gene F6'H1 and defects in the expression of PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE9, encoding a putative efflux transporter for products from the phenylpropanoid pathway, compromised iron uptake from an iron source of low bioavailability. Both mutants were partially rescued when grown alongside wild-type Arabidopsis or M. truncatula seedlings, presumably by secreted phenolics and flavins. We concluded that production and secretion of compounds that facilitate the uptake of iron is an essential but poorly understood aspect of the reduction-based iron acquisition strategy, which is likely to contribute substantially to the efficiency of iron uptake in natural conditions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0032-0889</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-2548</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.220426</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23735511</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PPHYA5</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Rockville, MD: American Society of Plant Biologists</publisher><subject>Arabidopsis - genetics ; Arabidopsis - growth & development ; Arabidopsis - metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics ; Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism ; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family G ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters - genetics ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters - metabolism ; Bioavailability ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biological Availability ; Biosynthesis ; Ferrous Compounds - metabolism ; Ferrous Compounds - pharmacokinetics ; Fluorescence ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene expression regulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes ; Iron ; Iron - metabolism ; Medicago truncatula - genetics ; Medicago truncatula - growth & development ; Medicago truncatula - metabolism ; MEMBRANES, TRANSPORT, AND BIOENERGETICS ; Mutation ; Plant growth ; Plant physiology and development ; Plant roots ; Plant Roots - genetics ; Plants ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Propanols - metabolism ; Riboflavin - biosynthesis ; Secondary Metabolism ; Secretion ; Species Specificity</subject><ispartof>Plant physiology (Bethesda), 2013-07, Vol.162 (3), p.1473-1485</ispartof><rights>2013 American Society of Plant Biologists</rights><rights>2014 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c450t-1b6a7ccce82a40c212b32f917c4e8f68c41f137f2720b49e2435ce5843b998b93</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/41943492$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/41943492$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,803,27924,27925,58017,58250</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=27519540$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23735511$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rodríguez-Celma, Jorge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Wen-Dar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fu, Guin-Mau</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abadía, Javier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>López-Millán, Ana-Flor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmidt, Wolfgang</creatorcontrib><title>Mutually Exclusive Alterations in Secondary Metabolism Are Critical for the Uptake of Insoluble Iron Compounds by Arabidopsis and Medicago truncatula</title><title>Plant physiology (Bethesda)</title><addtitle>Plant Physiol</addtitle><description>The generally low bioavailability of iron in aerobic soil systems forced plants to evolve sophisticated genetic strategies to improve the acquisition of iron from sparingly soluble and immobile iron pools. To distinguish between conserved and species-dependent components of such strategies, we analyzed iron deficiency-induced changes in the transcriptome of two model species, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and Medicago truncatula. Transcriptional profiling by RNA sequencing revealed a massive upregulation of genes coding for enzymes involved in riboflavin biosynthesis in M. truncatula and phenylpropanoid synthesis in Arabidopsis upon iron deficiency. Coexpression and promoter analysis indicated that the synthesis of flavins and phenylpropanoids is tightly linked to and putatively coregulated with other genes encoding proteins involved in iron uptake. We further provide evidence that the production and secretion of phenolic compounds is critical for the uptake of iron from sources with low bioavailability but dispensable under conditions where iron is readily available. In Arabidopsis, homozygous mutations in the Fe(II)- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase family gene F6'H1 and defects in the expression of PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE9, encoding a putative efflux transporter for products from the phenylpropanoid pathway, compromised iron uptake from an iron source of low bioavailability. Both mutants were partially rescued when grown alongside wild-type Arabidopsis or M. truncatula seedlings, presumably by secreted phenolics and flavins. We concluded that production and secretion of compounds that facilitate the uptake of iron is an essential but poorly understood aspect of the reduction-based iron acquisition strategy, which is likely to contribute substantially to the efficiency of iron uptake in natural conditions.</description><subject>Arabidopsis - genetics</subject><subject>Arabidopsis - growth & development</subject><subject>Arabidopsis - metabolism</subject><subject>Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family G</subject><subject>ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters - genetics</subject><subject>ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters - metabolism</subject><subject>Bioavailability</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biological Availability</subject><subject>Biosynthesis</subject><subject>Ferrous Compounds - metabolism</subject><subject>Ferrous Compounds - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Fluorescence</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gene Expression Profiling</subject><subject>Gene expression regulation</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Iron - metabolism</subject><subject>Medicago truncatula - genetics</subject><subject>Medicago truncatula - growth & development</subject><subject>Medicago truncatula - metabolism</subject><subject>MEMBRANES, TRANSPORT, AND BIOENERGETICS</subject><subject>Mutation</subject><subject>Plant growth</subject><subject>Plant physiology and development</subject><subject>Plant roots</subject><subject>Plant Roots - genetics</subject><subject>Plants</subject><subject>Promoter Regions, Genetic</subject><subject>Propanols - metabolism</subject><subject>Riboflavin - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Secondary Metabolism</subject><subject>Secretion</subject><subject>Species Specificity</subject><issn>0032-0889</issn><issn>1532-2548</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpFkD1vFDEQhi0EIkegpARNQ7nBn7fr8nQKcFIiCki9sr02OPhsy_Yi7ofwfzG6EKp3pHnmleZB6DXBV4Rg_j7nnuyKUszp9gnaEMHoQAWfnqINxn3G0yQv0Ita7zHGhBH-HF1QNjIhCNmg37drW1UIJ7j-ZcJa_U8Lu9BsUc2nWMFH-GJNiosqJ7i1TekUfD3CrljYF9-8UQFcKtC-W7jLTf2wkBwcYk1h1cHCoaQI-3TMaY1LBX3qp0r7JeXqK6i49Nalt3xL0MoajWprUC_RM6dCta8e8hLdfbj-uv803Hz-eNjvbgbDBW4D0Vs1GmPsRBXHhhKqGXWSjIbbyW0nw4kjbHR0pFhzaSlnwlgxcaalnLRkl2g495qSai3Wzbn4Y391Jnj-q3fOuSebz3o7__bM51Uf7fJI__PZgXcPgKrdjCsqGl__c6MgUnDcuTdn7r62VB73nEjOuKTsD9ERjok</recordid><startdate>20130701</startdate><enddate>20130701</enddate><creator>Rodríguez-Celma, Jorge</creator><creator>Lin, Wen-Dar</creator><creator>Fu, Guin-Mau</creator><creator>Abadía, Javier</creator><creator>López-Millán, Ana-Flor</creator><creator>Schmidt, Wolfgang</creator><general>American Society of Plant Biologists</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130701</creationdate><title>Mutually Exclusive Alterations in Secondary Metabolism Are Critical for the Uptake of Insoluble Iron Compounds by Arabidopsis and Medicago truncatula</title><author>Rodríguez-Celma, Jorge ; Lin, Wen-Dar ; Fu, Guin-Mau ; Abadía, Javier ; López-Millán, Ana-Flor ; Schmidt, Wolfgang</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c450t-1b6a7ccce82a40c212b32f917c4e8f68c41f137f2720b49e2435ce5843b998b93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Arabidopsis - genetics</topic><topic>Arabidopsis - growth & development</topic><topic>Arabidopsis - metabolism</topic><topic>Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family G</topic><topic>ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters - genetics</topic><topic>ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters - metabolism</topic><topic>Bioavailability</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biological Availability</topic><topic>Biosynthesis</topic><topic>Ferrous Compounds - metabolism</topic><topic>Ferrous Compounds - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Fluorescence</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Gene Expression Profiling</topic><topic>Gene expression regulation</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Iron</topic><topic>Iron - metabolism</topic><topic>Medicago truncatula - genetics</topic><topic>Medicago truncatula - growth & development</topic><topic>Medicago truncatula - metabolism</topic><topic>MEMBRANES, TRANSPORT, AND BIOENERGETICS</topic><topic>Mutation</topic><topic>Plant growth</topic><topic>Plant physiology and development</topic><topic>Plant roots</topic><topic>Plant Roots - genetics</topic><topic>Plants</topic><topic>Promoter Regions, Genetic</topic><topic>Propanols - metabolism</topic><topic>Riboflavin - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Secondary Metabolism</topic><topic>Secretion</topic><topic>Species Specificity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rodríguez-Celma, Jorge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Wen-Dar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fu, Guin-Mau</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abadía, Javier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>López-Millán, Ana-Flor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmidt, Wolfgang</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Plant physiology (Bethesda)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rodríguez-Celma, Jorge</au><au>Lin, Wen-Dar</au><au>Fu, Guin-Mau</au><au>Abadía, Javier</au><au>López-Millán, Ana-Flor</au><au>Schmidt, Wolfgang</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Mutually Exclusive Alterations in Secondary Metabolism Are Critical for the Uptake of Insoluble Iron Compounds by Arabidopsis and Medicago truncatula</atitle><jtitle>Plant physiology (Bethesda)</jtitle><addtitle>Plant Physiol</addtitle><date>2013-07-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>162</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>1473</spage><epage>1485</epage><pages>1473-1485</pages><issn>0032-0889</issn><eissn>1532-2548</eissn><coden>PPHYA5</coden><abstract>The generally low bioavailability of iron in aerobic soil systems forced plants to evolve sophisticated genetic strategies to improve the acquisition of iron from sparingly soluble and immobile iron pools. To distinguish between conserved and species-dependent components of such strategies, we analyzed iron deficiency-induced changes in the transcriptome of two model species, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and Medicago truncatula. Transcriptional profiling by RNA sequencing revealed a massive upregulation of genes coding for enzymes involved in riboflavin biosynthesis in M. truncatula and phenylpropanoid synthesis in Arabidopsis upon iron deficiency. Coexpression and promoter analysis indicated that the synthesis of flavins and phenylpropanoids is tightly linked to and putatively coregulated with other genes encoding proteins involved in iron uptake. We further provide evidence that the production and secretion of phenolic compounds is critical for the uptake of iron from sources with low bioavailability but dispensable under conditions where iron is readily available. In Arabidopsis, homozygous mutations in the Fe(II)- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase family gene F6'H1 and defects in the expression of PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE9, encoding a putative efflux transporter for products from the phenylpropanoid pathway, compromised iron uptake from an iron source of low bioavailability. Both mutants were partially rescued when grown alongside wild-type Arabidopsis or M. truncatula seedlings, presumably by secreted phenolics and flavins. We concluded that production and secretion of compounds that facilitate the uptake of iron is an essential but poorly understood aspect of the reduction-based iron acquisition strategy, which is likely to contribute substantially to the efficiency of iron uptake in natural conditions.</abstract><cop>Rockville, MD</cop><pub>American Society of Plant Biologists</pub><pmid>23735511</pmid><doi>10.1104/pp.113.220426</doi><tpages>13</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Arabidopsis - genetics Arabidopsis - growth & development Arabidopsis - metabolism Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family G ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters - genetics ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters - metabolism Bioavailability Biological and medical sciences Biological Availability Biosynthesis Ferrous Compounds - metabolism Ferrous Compounds - pharmacokinetics Fluorescence Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene Expression Profiling Gene expression regulation Gene Expression Regulation, Plant Genes Iron Iron - metabolism Medicago truncatula - genetics Medicago truncatula - growth & development Medicago truncatula - metabolism MEMBRANES, TRANSPORT, AND BIOENERGETICS Mutation Plant growth Plant physiology and development Plant roots Plant Roots - genetics Plants Promoter Regions, Genetic Propanols - metabolism Riboflavin - biosynthesis Secondary Metabolism Secretion Species Specificity |
title | Mutually Exclusive Alterations in Secondary Metabolism Are Critical for the Uptake of Insoluble Iron Compounds by Arabidopsis and Medicago truncatula |
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