Determination of Synthetic Cathinones in Urine Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Techniques
In recent years, the abuse of synthetic cathinones has increased considerably. This study proposes a method, based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS), to analyze and quantify six synthetic cathinones in urine samples: mephedrone (4-MMC), methylone (bk-MDMA), butylone, ethylone, pentylon...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of analytical toxicology 2016-01, Vol.40 (1), p.12-16 |
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| creator | Hong, Wei-Yin Ko, Ya-Chun Lin, Mei-Chih Wang, Po-Yu Chen, Yu-Pen Chiueh, Lih-Ching Shih, Daniel Yang-Chih Chou, Hsiu-Kuan Cheng, Hwei-Fang |
| description | In recent years, the abuse of synthetic cathinones has increased considerably. This study proposes a method, based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS), to analyze and quantify six synthetic cathinones in urine samples: mephedrone (4-MMC), methylone (bk-MDMA), butylone, ethylone, pentylone and methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). In our procedure, the urine samples undergo solid-phase extraction (SPE) and derivatization prior to injection into the GC–MS device. Separation is performed using a HP-5MS capillary column. The use of selective ion monitoring (SIM mode) makes it is good sensitivity in this method, and the entire analysis process is within 18 min. In addition, the proposed method maintains linearity in the calibration curve from 50 to 2,000 ng/mL (r
2 > 0.995). The limit of detection of this method is 5 ng/mL, with the exception of MDPV (20 ng/mL); the limit of quantification is 20 ng/mL, with the exception of MDPV (50 ng/mL). In testing, the extraction performance of SPE was between 82.34 and 104.46%. Precision and accuracy results were satisfactory |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/jat/bkv108 |
| format | Article |
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2 > 0.995). The limit of detection of this method is 5 ng/mL, with the exception of MDPV (20 ng/mL); the limit of quantification is 20 ng/mL, with the exception of MDPV (50 ng/mL). In testing, the extraction performance of SPE was between 82.34 and 104.46%. Precision and accuracy results were satisfactory <15%. The proposed method was applied to six real urine samples, one of which was found to contain 4-MMC and bk-MDMA. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method in the identification of synthetic cathinones in urine, with regard to the limits of detection and quantification. This method is highly repeatable and accurate.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0146-4760</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1945-2403</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkv108</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26410364</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine - analogs & derivatives ; 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine - urine ; Acetone - analogs & derivatives ; Acetone - urine ; Amphetamines - urine ; Benzodioxoles - urine ; Calibration ; Designer Drugs - analysis ; Ethylamines - urine ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry - methods ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry - standards ; Humans ; Limit of Detection ; Methamphetamine - analogs & derivatives ; Methamphetamine - urine ; Pyrrolidines - urine ; Reproducibility of Results ; Solid Phase Extraction ; Substance Abuse Detection - methods ; Substance Abuse Detection - standards ; Urinalysis</subject><ispartof>Journal of analytical toxicology, 2016-01, Vol.40 (1), p.12-16</ispartof><rights>The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com 2015</rights><rights>The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c353t-12cccc38a54f21cdb1c8bbfcff30302790e489e59a2f8abacc2f5258b8aeb0443</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c353t-12cccc38a54f21cdb1c8bbfcff30302790e489e59a2f8abacc2f5258b8aeb0443</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,1581,27911,27912</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26410364$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hong, Wei-Yin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ko, Ya-Chun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Mei-Chih</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Po-Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Yu-Pen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chiueh, Lih-Ching</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shih, Daniel Yang-Chih</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chou, Hsiu-Kuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheng, Hwei-Fang</creatorcontrib><title>Determination of Synthetic Cathinones in Urine Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Techniques</title><title>Journal of analytical toxicology</title><addtitle>J Anal Toxicol</addtitle><description>In recent years, the abuse of synthetic cathinones has increased considerably. This study proposes a method, based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS), to analyze and quantify six synthetic cathinones in urine samples: mephedrone (4-MMC), methylone (bk-MDMA), butylone, ethylone, pentylone and methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). In our procedure, the urine samples undergo solid-phase extraction (SPE) and derivatization prior to injection into the GC–MS device. Separation is performed using a HP-5MS capillary column. The use of selective ion monitoring (SIM mode) makes it is good sensitivity in this method, and the entire analysis process is within 18 min. In addition, the proposed method maintains linearity in the calibration curve from 50 to 2,000 ng/mL (r
2 > 0.995). The limit of detection of this method is 5 ng/mL, with the exception of MDPV (20 ng/mL); the limit of quantification is 20 ng/mL, with the exception of MDPV (50 ng/mL). In testing, the extraction performance of SPE was between 82.34 and 104.46%. Precision and accuracy results were satisfactory <15%. The proposed method was applied to six real urine samples, one of which was found to contain 4-MMC and bk-MDMA. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method in the identification of synthetic cathinones in urine, with regard to the limits of detection and quantification. This method is highly repeatable and accurate.</description><subject>3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine - urine</subject><subject>Acetone - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>Acetone - urine</subject><subject>Amphetamines - urine</subject><subject>Benzodioxoles - urine</subject><subject>Calibration</subject><subject>Designer Drugs - analysis</subject><subject>Ethylamines - urine</subject><subject>Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry - methods</subject><subject>Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry - standards</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Limit of Detection</subject><subject>Methamphetamine - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>Methamphetamine - urine</subject><subject>Pyrrolidines - urine</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Solid Phase Extraction</subject><subject>Substance Abuse Detection - methods</subject><subject>Substance Abuse Detection - standards</subject><subject>Urinalysis</subject><issn>0146-4760</issn><issn>1945-2403</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kD1OwzAAhS0EoqWwcADkhQUp1H9JnREFKEgghrZzZLt240KcYLtI2bgDN-QkBAUYecsb3qc3fACcYnSJUU6nWxGn8vkNI74HxjhnaUIYovtgjDDLEjbL0AgchbBFCGc8o4dgRDKGEc3YGJhrHbWvrRPRNg42Bi46FysdrYKFiJV1jdMBWgdX3joNV8G6DZyLAIvKN7WIzcaLtuo-3z8eRQhw0WoV-0FH38GlVpWzrzsdjsGBES9Bn_z0BKxub5bFXfLwNL8vrh4SRVMaE0xUH8pFygzBai2x4lIaZQxFFJFZjjTjuU5zQQwXUihFTEpSLrnQEjFGJ-Bi-FW-CcFrU7be1sJ3JUblt6yyl1UOsnr4bIDbnaz1-g_9tdMD5wPQ7Nr_jr4AwuJ2pA</recordid><startdate>20160101</startdate><enddate>20160101</enddate><creator>Hong, Wei-Yin</creator><creator>Ko, Ya-Chun</creator><creator>Lin, Mei-Chih</creator><creator>Wang, Po-Yu</creator><creator>Chen, Yu-Pen</creator><creator>Chiueh, Lih-Ching</creator><creator>Shih, Daniel Yang-Chih</creator><creator>Chou, Hsiu-Kuan</creator><creator>Cheng, Hwei-Fang</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160101</creationdate><title>Determination of Synthetic Cathinones in Urine Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Techniques</title><author>Hong, Wei-Yin ; Ko, Ya-Chun ; Lin, Mei-Chih ; Wang, Po-Yu ; Chen, Yu-Pen ; Chiueh, Lih-Ching ; Shih, Daniel Yang-Chih ; Chou, Hsiu-Kuan ; Cheng, Hwei-Fang</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c353t-12cccc38a54f21cdb1c8bbfcff30302790e489e59a2f8abacc2f5258b8aeb0443</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine - analogs & derivatives</topic><topic>3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine - urine</topic><topic>Acetone - analogs & derivatives</topic><topic>Acetone - urine</topic><topic>Amphetamines - urine</topic><topic>Benzodioxoles - urine</topic><topic>Calibration</topic><topic>Designer Drugs - analysis</topic><topic>Ethylamines - urine</topic><topic>Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry - methods</topic><topic>Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry - standards</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Limit of Detection</topic><topic>Methamphetamine - analogs & derivatives</topic><topic>Methamphetamine - urine</topic><topic>Pyrrolidines - urine</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Solid Phase Extraction</topic><topic>Substance Abuse Detection - methods</topic><topic>Substance Abuse Detection - standards</topic><topic>Urinalysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hong, Wei-Yin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ko, Ya-Chun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Mei-Chih</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Po-Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Yu-Pen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chiueh, Lih-Ching</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shih, Daniel Yang-Chih</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chou, Hsiu-Kuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheng, Hwei-Fang</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Journal of analytical toxicology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hong, Wei-Yin</au><au>Ko, Ya-Chun</au><au>Lin, Mei-Chih</au><au>Wang, Po-Yu</au><au>Chen, Yu-Pen</au><au>Chiueh, Lih-Ching</au><au>Shih, Daniel Yang-Chih</au><au>Chou, Hsiu-Kuan</au><au>Cheng, Hwei-Fang</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Determination of Synthetic Cathinones in Urine Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Techniques</atitle><jtitle>Journal of analytical toxicology</jtitle><addtitle>J Anal Toxicol</addtitle><date>2016-01-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>40</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>12</spage><epage>16</epage><pages>12-16</pages><issn>0146-4760</issn><eissn>1945-2403</eissn><abstract>In recent years, the abuse of synthetic cathinones has increased considerably. This study proposes a method, based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS), to analyze and quantify six synthetic cathinones in urine samples: mephedrone (4-MMC), methylone (bk-MDMA), butylone, ethylone, pentylone and methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). In our procedure, the urine samples undergo solid-phase extraction (SPE) and derivatization prior to injection into the GC–MS device. Separation is performed using a HP-5MS capillary column. The use of selective ion monitoring (SIM mode) makes it is good sensitivity in this method, and the entire analysis process is within 18 min. In addition, the proposed method maintains linearity in the calibration curve from 50 to 2,000 ng/mL (r
2 > 0.995). The limit of detection of this method is 5 ng/mL, with the exception of MDPV (20 ng/mL); the limit of quantification is 20 ng/mL, with the exception of MDPV (50 ng/mL). In testing, the extraction performance of SPE was between 82.34 and 104.46%. Precision and accuracy results were satisfactory <15%. The proposed method was applied to six real urine samples, one of which was found to contain 4-MMC and bk-MDMA. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method in the identification of synthetic cathinones in urine, with regard to the limits of detection and quantification. This method is highly repeatable and accurate.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>26410364</pmid><doi>10.1093/jat/bkv108</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine - analogs & derivatives 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine - urine Acetone - analogs & derivatives Acetone - urine Amphetamines - urine Benzodioxoles - urine Calibration Designer Drugs - analysis Ethylamines - urine Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry - methods Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry - standards Humans Limit of Detection Methamphetamine - analogs & derivatives Methamphetamine - urine Pyrrolidines - urine Reproducibility of Results Solid Phase Extraction Substance Abuse Detection - methods Substance Abuse Detection - standards Urinalysis |
| title | Determination of Synthetic Cathinones in Urine Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Techniques |
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