The Blow-Up Analysis on B2(1) Affine Toda System: Local Mass and Affine Weyl Group

Abstract It has been established that the local mass of blow-up solutions to Toda systems associated with the simple Lie algebras $\textbf{A}_{n}$, $\textbf{B}_{n}$, $\textbf{C}_{n}$, and $\textbf{G}_{2}$ can be represented by a finite Weyl group. In particular, at each blow-up point, after a sequence of bubbling steps (via scaling) is performed, the transformation of the local mass at each step corresponds to the action of an element in the Weyl group. In this article, we present the results in the same spirit for the affine $\textbf{B}_{2}^{(1)}$ Toda system with singularities. Compared with the Toda system with simple Lie algebras, the computation of local masses is more challenging due to the infinite number of elements of the affine Weyl group of type $\textbf{B}_{2}^{(1)}$. In order to give an explicit expression for the local mass formula, we introduce two free integers and write down all the possibilities into $8$ types. This shows a striking difference to previous results on Toda systems with simple Lie algebras. The main result of this article seems to provide the first major advance in understanding the relation between the blow-up analysis of affine Toda system and the affine Weyl group of the associated Lie algebras.