Deference and indirect expropriation analysis in international investment law : observations on current approaches and frameworks for future analysis

Examination of whether standards of review analysis accurately reflect or are helpful to understanding current approaches to deference background by indirect expropriation enquiry - development of model of the indirect expropriation enquiry - standards of review school of thought - practical utility of standards of review theories - how jurisprudential analysis can guide reformulation of ideas of deference applicable to indirect expropriation enquiry.