Quantifying the mortality impact of the 1935 old-age assistance
Abstract In 1935, the United States introduced the old-age assistance (OAA) program, a means-tested program to help the elderly poor. The OAA improved retirement conditions and aimed to enable older persons to live independently. We use the transition from early elderly plans to OAA and the large di...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | European review of economic history 2022-02, Vol.26 (1), p.62-77 |
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| creator | Galofré-Vilà, Gregori McKee, Martin Stuckler, David |
| description | Abstract
In 1935, the United States introduced the old-age assistance (OAA) program, a means-tested program to help the elderly poor. The OAA improved retirement conditions and aimed to enable older persons to live independently. We use the transition from early elderly plans to OAA and the large differences in payments and eligibility across states to show that OAA reduced mortality by between 30 and 39 percent among those older than 65 years. This finding, based on an event study design, is robust to a range of specifications, a range of fixed effects, placebo tests, and a border-pair policy discontinuity design using county-level data. The largest mortality reductions came from drops in communicable and infectious diseases, such as influenza and nephritis, and mostly affected white citizens. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/ereh/heab001 |
| format | Article |
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In 1935, the United States introduced the old-age assistance (OAA) program, a means-tested program to help the elderly poor. The OAA improved retirement conditions and aimed to enable older persons to live independently. We use the transition from early elderly plans to OAA and the large differences in payments and eligibility across states to show that OAA reduced mortality by between 30 and 39 percent among those older than 65 years. This finding, based on an event study design, is robust to a range of specifications, a range of fixed effects, placebo tests, and a border-pair policy discontinuity design using county-level data. The largest mortality reductions came from drops in communicable and infectious diseases, such as influenza and nephritis, and mostly affected white citizens.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1361-4916</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1474-0044</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/ereh/heab001</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>1936-1944 ; Altenhilfe ; Altersvorsorge ; Rentenpolitik ; Sterblichkeit ; USA ; Ältere Menschen</subject><ispartof>European review of economic history, 2022-02, Vol.26 (1), p.62-77</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Historical Economics Society. 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c395t-dce9ce4a9fa970d163ffd3d81d9d26fc18e398f2b5e2448338d779fa5f0bab793</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c395t-dce9ce4a9fa970d163ffd3d81d9d26fc18e398f2b5e2448338d779fa5f0bab793</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1578,27903,27904</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Galofré-Vilà, Gregori</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McKee, Martin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stuckler, David</creatorcontrib><title>Quantifying the mortality impact of the 1935 old-age assistance</title><title>European review of economic history</title><description>Abstract
In 1935, the United States introduced the old-age assistance (OAA) program, a means-tested program to help the elderly poor. The OAA improved retirement conditions and aimed to enable older persons to live independently. We use the transition from early elderly plans to OAA and the large differences in payments and eligibility across states to show that OAA reduced mortality by between 30 and 39 percent among those older than 65 years. This finding, based on an event study design, is robust to a range of specifications, a range of fixed effects, placebo tests, and a border-pair policy discontinuity design using county-level data. The largest mortality reductions came from drops in communicable and infectious diseases, such as influenza and nephritis, and mostly affected white citizens.</description><subject>1936-1944</subject><subject>Altenhilfe</subject><subject>Altersvorsorge</subject><subject>Rentenpolitik</subject><subject>Sterblichkeit</subject><subject>USA</subject><subject>Ältere Menschen</subject><issn>1361-4916</issn><issn>1474-0044</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>TOX</sourceid><recordid>eNp9z01LxDAQBuAgCq6rN39Abl6MmzRpk5xEFr9gQQQFbyVNJttIv2iyh_33du2CN2FghuHhhReha0bvGNV8BSPUqxpMRSk7QQsmpCCUCnE63bxgRGhWnKOLGL8nwKnKFuj-fWe6FPw-dFucasBtPybThLTHoR2MTbj3v3-meY77xhGzBWxiDDGZzsIlOvOmiXB13Ev0-fT4sX4hm7fn1_XDhliu80ScBW1BGO2NltSxgnvvuFPMaZcV3jIFXCufVTlkQijOlZNywrmnlamk5kt0O-fasY9xBF8OY2jNuC8ZLQ_ly0P58lh-4njmYPsuxD8steBymq-J3Myk3w3_h_0A8kpmig</recordid><startdate>20220201</startdate><enddate>20220201</enddate><creator>Galofré-Vilà, Gregori</creator><creator>McKee, Martin</creator><creator>Stuckler, David</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>TOX</scope><scope>OQ6</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20220201</creationdate><title>Quantifying the mortality impact of the 1935 old-age assistance</title><author>Galofré-Vilà, Gregori ; McKee, Martin ; Stuckler, David</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c395t-dce9ce4a9fa970d163ffd3d81d9d26fc18e398f2b5e2448338d779fa5f0bab793</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>1936-1944</topic><topic>Altenhilfe</topic><topic>Altersvorsorge</topic><topic>Rentenpolitik</topic><topic>Sterblichkeit</topic><topic>USA</topic><topic>Ältere Menschen</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Galofré-Vilà, Gregori</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McKee, Martin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stuckler, David</creatorcontrib><collection>Oxford Journals Open Access Collection</collection><collection>ECONIS</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>European review of economic history</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Galofré-Vilà, Gregori</au><au>McKee, Martin</au><au>Stuckler, David</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Quantifying the mortality impact of the 1935 old-age assistance</atitle><jtitle>European review of economic history</jtitle><date>2022-02-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>26</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>62</spage><epage>77</epage><pages>62-77</pages><issn>1361-4916</issn><eissn>1474-0044</eissn><abstract>Abstract
In 1935, the United States introduced the old-age assistance (OAA) program, a means-tested program to help the elderly poor. The OAA improved retirement conditions and aimed to enable older persons to live independently. We use the transition from early elderly plans to OAA and the large differences in payments and eligibility across states to show that OAA reduced mortality by between 30 and 39 percent among those older than 65 years. This finding, based on an event study design, is robust to a range of specifications, a range of fixed effects, placebo tests, and a border-pair policy discontinuity design using county-level data. The largest mortality reductions came from drops in communicable and infectious diseases, such as influenza and nephritis, and mostly affected white citizens.</abstract><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><doi>10.1093/ereh/heab001</doi><tpages>16</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | European review of economic history, 2022-02, Vol.26 (1), p.62-77 |
| issn | 1361-4916 1474-0044 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current) |
| subjects | 1936-1944 Altenhilfe Altersvorsorge Rentenpolitik Sterblichkeit USA Ältere Menschen |
| title | Quantifying the mortality impact of the 1935 old-age assistance |
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