Effect of pretreatment type on the physico-chemical properties of activated carbons derived from an invasive weed Prosopis juliflora: potential applications
This study investigates the effects of various pretreatment methods on the physico-chemical properties of activated carbons produced from the biochar of an invasive weed species, Prosopis juliflora . Utilizing a thermochemical conversion technique such as pyrolysis, followed by chemical and physical...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Materials research express 2025-01, Vol.12 (1), p.15601 |
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| description | This study investigates the effects of various pretreatment methods on the physico-chemical properties of activated carbons produced from the biochar of an invasive weed species, Prosopis juliflora . Utilizing a thermochemical conversion technique such as pyrolysis, followed by chemical and physical activation processes, we aimed to assess the functional characteristics of the resulting biochar for potential industrial applications. The pretreatments involved acidic (H 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , and ZnCl 2 ), basic (KOH and NH 4 OH) and oxidizing agents (H 2 O 2 ), and physical methods like air activation. Comprehensive characterization techniques, namely BET analysis, x-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Ultimate Analysis, and pH pzc , were utilized to assess the influence of activation conditions. Principal component analysis was employed to elucidate the relationships between different activation methods and the physico-chemical properties of the activated carbons. Results from this study revealed that the choice of activation agent significantly influences the material’s structure and chemistry. The activation process of activated carbon (AC) is significantly influenced by temperature and the agent used. KOH-AC exhibited bulk oxygen content (5.96%) with a high bulk carbon content (91.73%), while Air-AC has a comparatively high bulk oxygen content (40.71%). The XPS data shows variations in carbon content and oxygen functional groups, influenced by the activation agent and temperature used during the process. The ranking of surface oxygen content was Air-AC (39.93%) > H 2 O 2 -AC (22.77%) > NH 4 OH-AC (17.61%). This study highlights the potential of Prosopis juliflora -derived biochar in diverse applications by tailoring its physico-chemical properties through specific activation processes, thereby also contributing to the upcycling of this invasive species. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1088/2053-1591/ada5c4 |
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Utilizing a thermochemical conversion technique such as pyrolysis, followed by chemical and physical activation processes, we aimed to assess the functional characteristics of the resulting biochar for potential industrial applications. The pretreatments involved acidic (H 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , and ZnCl 2 ), basic (KOH and NH 4 OH) and oxidizing agents (H 2 O 2 ), and physical methods like air activation. Comprehensive characterization techniques, namely BET analysis, x-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Ultimate Analysis, and pH pzc , were utilized to assess the influence of activation conditions. Principal component analysis was employed to elucidate the relationships between different activation methods and the physico-chemical properties of the activated carbons. Results from this study revealed that the choice of activation agent significantly influences the material’s structure and chemistry. The activation process of activated carbon (AC) is significantly influenced by temperature and the agent used. KOH-AC exhibited bulk oxygen content (5.96%) with a high bulk carbon content (91.73%), while Air-AC has a comparatively high bulk oxygen content (40.71%). The XPS data shows variations in carbon content and oxygen functional groups, influenced by the activation agent and temperature used during the process. The ranking of surface oxygen content was Air-AC (39.93%) > H 2 O 2 -AC (22.77%) > NH 4 OH-AC (17.61%). This study highlights the potential of Prosopis juliflora -derived biochar in diverse applications by tailoring its physico-chemical properties through specific activation processes, thereby also contributing to the upcycling of this invasive species.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2053-1591</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2053-1591</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/ada5c4</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Bristol: IOP Publishing</publisher><subject>Acidic oxides ; Activated carbon ; activation ; Activation analysis ; Ammonium hydroxide ; Basic converters ; biochar ; Carbon ; Carbon content ; Chemical properties ; Functional groups ; Hydrogen peroxide ; Industrial applications ; Oxidizing agents ; Oxygen ; Oxygen content ; Photoelectrons ; physico-chemical properties ; Pretreatment ; Principal components analysis ; Prosopis ; Prosopis juliflora ; Pyrolysis ; Sulfuric acid ; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy ; Zinc chloride</subject><ispartof>Materials research express, 2025-01, Vol.12 (1), p.15601</ispartof><rights>2025 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd</rights><rights>2025 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2401-98732f972280f400847fa7e2aa15bbaca953465b59eae92b055d2e63560467fd3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9181-3052 ; 0000-0003-4236-6636 ; 0000-0003-0142-7068 ; 0000-0003-1503-6463</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2053-1591/ada5c4/pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Giop$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,860,2096,27901,27902,38845,38867,53815,53842</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sivaraman, Subramaniyasharma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shanmugam, Saravanan Ramiah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Venkatachalam, Ponnusami</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shanmugam, Ratheeshkumar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chan Basha, Arul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saady, Noori M Cata</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of pretreatment type on the physico-chemical properties of activated carbons derived from an invasive weed Prosopis juliflora: potential applications</title><title>Materials research express</title><addtitle>MRX</addtitle><addtitle>Mater. Res. Express</addtitle><description>This study investigates the effects of various pretreatment methods on the physico-chemical properties of activated carbons produced from the biochar of an invasive weed species, Prosopis juliflora . Utilizing a thermochemical conversion technique such as pyrolysis, followed by chemical and physical activation processes, we aimed to assess the functional characteristics of the resulting biochar for potential industrial applications. The pretreatments involved acidic (H 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , and ZnCl 2 ), basic (KOH and NH 4 OH) and oxidizing agents (H 2 O 2 ), and physical methods like air activation. Comprehensive characterization techniques, namely BET analysis, x-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Ultimate Analysis, and pH pzc , were utilized to assess the influence of activation conditions. Principal component analysis was employed to elucidate the relationships between different activation methods and the physico-chemical properties of the activated carbons. Results from this study revealed that the choice of activation agent significantly influences the material’s structure and chemistry. The activation process of activated carbon (AC) is significantly influenced by temperature and the agent used. KOH-AC exhibited bulk oxygen content (5.96%) with a high bulk carbon content (91.73%), while Air-AC has a comparatively high bulk oxygen content (40.71%). The XPS data shows variations in carbon content and oxygen functional groups, influenced by the activation agent and temperature used during the process. The ranking of surface oxygen content was Air-AC (39.93%) > H 2 O 2 -AC (22.77%) > NH 4 OH-AC (17.61%). This study highlights the potential of Prosopis juliflora -derived biochar in diverse applications by tailoring its physico-chemical properties through specific activation processes, thereby also contributing to the upcycling of this invasive species.</description><subject>Acidic oxides</subject><subject>Activated carbon</subject><subject>activation</subject><subject>Activation analysis</subject><subject>Ammonium hydroxide</subject><subject>Basic converters</subject><subject>biochar</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Carbon content</subject><subject>Chemical properties</subject><subject>Functional groups</subject><subject>Hydrogen peroxide</subject><subject>Industrial applications</subject><subject>Oxidizing agents</subject><subject>Oxygen</subject><subject>Oxygen content</subject><subject>Photoelectrons</subject><subject>physico-chemical properties</subject><subject>Pretreatment</subject><subject>Principal components analysis</subject><subject>Prosopis</subject><subject>Prosopis juliflora</subject><subject>Pyrolysis</subject><subject>Sulfuric acid</subject><subject>X ray photoelectron spectroscopy</subject><subject>Zinc chloride</subject><issn>2053-1591</issn><issn>2053-1591</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2025</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>O3W</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kc1u1DAUhSMEElXbPUtLLNgQ6t8kZoeqApUqwQLW1o1zzXiUiY3tGTrvwsPiaVBhASvbR-d-x_ZpmheMvmF0GK44VaJlSrMrmEBZ-aQ5e5Se_rV_3lzmvKWU8l4Lxbuz5ueNc2gLCY7EhCUhlB0uhZRjRBIWUjZI4uaYvQ2t3eDOW5irM0RMxWM-zYEt_gAFJ2IhjWHJZMLkD_XsUtgRWIhfDpCrQn5gVT-nkEP0mWz3s3dzSPCWxFBqqq9siHGuIcVX0EXzzMGc8fL3et58fX_z5fpje_fpw-31u7vWcklZq4decKd7zgfqJKWD7B30yAGYGkewoJWQnRqVRkDNR6rUxLETqqOy690kzpvblTsF2JqY_A7S0QTw5kEI6ZuB-lw7o-moFoME3o81e4Jx6LnkUtkRmO1GLSrr5cqqn_R9j7mYbdinpV7fCKY6JXRPZXXR1WXrZ-SE7jGVUXOq1Jw6M6fOzFppHXm1jvgQ_zB36d4wbpihFU6ZiZOrztf_cP4X_AtXcLH0</recordid><startdate>20250101</startdate><enddate>20250101</enddate><creator>Sivaraman, Subramaniyasharma</creator><creator>Shanmugam, Saravanan Ramiah</creator><creator>Venkatachalam, Ponnusami</creator><creator>Shanmugam, Ratheeshkumar</creator><creator>Chan Basha, Arul</creator><creator>Saady, Noori M Cata</creator><general>IOP Publishing</general><scope>O3W</scope><scope>TSCCA</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9181-3052</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4236-6636</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0142-7068</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1503-6463</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20250101</creationdate><title>Effect of pretreatment type on the physico-chemical properties of activated carbons derived from an invasive weed Prosopis juliflora: potential applications</title><author>Sivaraman, Subramaniyasharma ; 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Res. Express</addtitle><date>2025-01-01</date><risdate>2025</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>15601</spage><pages>15601-</pages><issn>2053-1591</issn><eissn>2053-1591</eissn><abstract>This study investigates the effects of various pretreatment methods on the physico-chemical properties of activated carbons produced from the biochar of an invasive weed species, Prosopis juliflora . Utilizing a thermochemical conversion technique such as pyrolysis, followed by chemical and physical activation processes, we aimed to assess the functional characteristics of the resulting biochar for potential industrial applications. The pretreatments involved acidic (H 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , and ZnCl 2 ), basic (KOH and NH 4 OH) and oxidizing agents (H 2 O 2 ), and physical methods like air activation. Comprehensive characterization techniques, namely BET analysis, x-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Ultimate Analysis, and pH pzc , were utilized to assess the influence of activation conditions. Principal component analysis was employed to elucidate the relationships between different activation methods and the physico-chemical properties of the activated carbons. Results from this study revealed that the choice of activation agent significantly influences the material’s structure and chemistry. The activation process of activated carbon (AC) is significantly influenced by temperature and the agent used. KOH-AC exhibited bulk oxygen content (5.96%) with a high bulk carbon content (91.73%), while Air-AC has a comparatively high bulk oxygen content (40.71%). The XPS data shows variations in carbon content and oxygen functional groups, influenced by the activation agent and temperature used during the process. The ranking of surface oxygen content was Air-AC (39.93%) > H 2 O 2 -AC (22.77%) > NH 4 OH-AC (17.61%). This study highlights the potential of Prosopis juliflora -derived biochar in diverse applications by tailoring its physico-chemical properties through specific activation processes, thereby also contributing to the upcycling of this invasive species.</abstract><cop>Bristol</cop><pub>IOP Publishing</pub><doi>10.1088/2053-1591/ada5c4</doi><tpages>18</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9181-3052</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4236-6636</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0142-7068</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1503-6463</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acidic oxides Activated carbon activation Activation analysis Ammonium hydroxide Basic converters biochar Carbon Carbon content Chemical properties Functional groups Hydrogen peroxide Industrial applications Oxidizing agents Oxygen Oxygen content Photoelectrons physico-chemical properties Pretreatment Principal components analysis Prosopis Prosopis juliflora Pyrolysis Sulfuric acid X ray photoelectron spectroscopy Zinc chloride |
| title | Effect of pretreatment type on the physico-chemical properties of activated carbons derived from an invasive weed Prosopis juliflora: potential applications |
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