Toluene diisocyanate cross-linked β-cyclodextrin nanosponges as a pH-sensitive carrier for naproxen

The present work was focused on formulation and characterization of toluene diisocyanate cross-linked β-cyclodextrin nanosponges as a pH-sensitive and an effective carrier for naproxen. The inclusion complexes of naproxen were prepared by physical mixture, kneading method with β-cyclodextrin and polymer condensation method with β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges. Particle size of the inclusion complex formulations was found in the range of 378.45 7.54 nm to 1520.47 7.96 nm with low polydispersity index. Zeta potentials of the formulations were sufficiently high and showed poor tendency to aggregate. In-vitro and animal studies showed the prolonged release of naproxen from carrier for 1 day. Instrumental studies like FTIR and DSC studies revealed the interaction of naproxen with nanosponge structures. XRPD study showed the change in crystalline to amorphous nature of naproxen by complexing with nanosponges. Thus, toluene diisocyanate cross-linked β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges act as a pH-sensitive and an effective carrier for controlled delivery of naproxen for anti-inflammatory action.