First operations with caesium of the negative ion source SPIDER
The negative-ion based neutral beam injector for heating and current drive of the ITER plasma (ITER HNB) is under development, at present focusing on the optimization of the full-scale plasma source in the SPIDER test stand. The production of H − or D − ions in the ion source is based on the low wor...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nuclear fusion 2022-08, Vol.62 (8), p.86022 |
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| creator | Sartori, E. Agostini, M. Barbisan, M. Bigi, M. Boldrin, M. Brombin, M. Casagrande, R. Dal Bello, S. Dan, M. Duteil, B.P. Fadone, M. Grando, L. Maistrello, A. Pavei, M. Pimazzoni, A. Poggi, C. Rizzolo, A. Shepherd, A. Ugoletti, M. Veltri, P. Zaniol, B. Agnello, R. Agostinetti, P. Antoni, V. Aprile, D. Candeloro, V. Cavallini, C. Cavazzana, R. Cavenago, M. Chitarin, G. Cristofaro, S. Dalla Palma, M. Delogu, R. De Muri, M. Denizeau, S. Fellin, F. Ferro, A. Gasparrini, C. Jain, P. Luchetta, A. Manduchi, G. Marconato, N. Marcuzzi, D. Mario, I. Milazzo, R. Pasqualotto, R. Patton, T. Pilan, N. Recchia, M. Rigoni-Garola, A. Segalini, B. Siragusa, M. Spolaore, M. Taliercio, C. Toigo, V. Zagorski, R. Zanotto, L. Zaupa, M. Zuin, M. Serianni, G. |
| description | The negative-ion based neutral beam injector for heating and current drive of the ITER plasma (ITER HNB) is under development, at present focusing on the optimization of the full-scale plasma source in the SPIDER test stand. The production of H
−
or D
−
ions in the ion source is based on the low work function surfaces obtained by caesium evaporation. This paper describes the caesium conditioning procedure and the corresponding beam performances during the first operation of SPIDER with caesium. Technical solutions to overcome present limitations of the test stand are described. The influence of source parameters on the caesium effectiveness was investigated in short beam pulse operation; with total radio-frequency (RF) power of 400 kW and filling pressure below 0.4 Pa, and a limited number of extraction apertures, a negative ion current density of about 200 A m
−2
was extracted in hydrogen, with beam energy lower than 60 keV. Beam optics and beam uniformity were assessed thanks to the acceleration of isolated ion beamlets. A possible procedure to accelerate a uniform beam was demonstrated at low RF power. The results obtained in this first investigation provided key indications on the operation of one of the largest existing sources of accelerated negative hydrogen-like ions. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1088/1741-4326/ac715e |
| format | Article |
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−
or D
−
ions in the ion source is based on the low work function surfaces obtained by caesium evaporation. This paper describes the caesium conditioning procedure and the corresponding beam performances during the first operation of SPIDER with caesium. Technical solutions to overcome present limitations of the test stand are described. The influence of source parameters on the caesium effectiveness was investigated in short beam pulse operation; with total radio-frequency (RF) power of 400 kW and filling pressure below 0.4 Pa, and a limited number of extraction apertures, a negative ion current density of about 200 A m
−2
was extracted in hydrogen, with beam energy lower than 60 keV. Beam optics and beam uniformity were assessed thanks to the acceleration of isolated ion beamlets. A possible procedure to accelerate a uniform beam was demonstrated at low RF power. The results obtained in this first investigation provided key indications on the operation of one of the largest existing sources of accelerated negative hydrogen-like ions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0029-5515</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1741-4326</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1088/1741-4326/ac715e</identifier><identifier>CODEN: NUFUAU</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>IOP Publishing</publisher><subject>ITER ; negative ion source ; neutral beam injection</subject><ispartof>Nuclear fusion, 2022-08, Vol.62 (8), p.86022</ispartof><rights>2022 IAEA, Vienna</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c353t-78d4af8704393ce74a3eddb8ad693db13e13cc417c02fe77fd8a46928ce936f13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c353t-78d4af8704393ce74a3eddb8ad693db13e13cc417c02fe77fd8a46928ce936f13</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4486-687X ; 0000-0002-4588-8168 ; 0000-0002-1462-6480 ; 0000-0002-0282-2978 ; 0000-0002-4925-4752 ; 0000-0002-9849-8788 ; 0000-0002-2735-2466 ; 0000-0002-4065-3861 ; 0000-0002-0625-1201 ; 0000-0003-3427-2090 ; 0000-0003-3060-8466 ; 0000-0002-3823-1002 ; 0000-0002-5375-9614 ; 0000-0003-2103-7630 ; 0000-0002-7498-0780 ; 0000-0002-5651-1825 ; 0000-0002-3684-7559 ; 0000-0002-3238-6863</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1741-4326/ac715e/pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Giop$$H</linktopdf><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,53821,53868</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sartori, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Agostini, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barbisan, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bigi, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boldrin, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brombin, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Casagrande, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dal Bello, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dan, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duteil, B.P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fadone, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grando, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maistrello, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pavei, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pimazzoni, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Poggi, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rizzolo, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shepherd, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ugoletti, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Veltri, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zaniol, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Agnello, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Agostinetti, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Antoni, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aprile, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Candeloro, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cavallini, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cavazzana, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cavenago, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chitarin, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cristofaro, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dalla Palma, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Delogu, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Muri, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Denizeau, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fellin, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferro, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gasparrini, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jain, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luchetta, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manduchi, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marconato, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marcuzzi, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mario, I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Milazzo, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pasqualotto, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patton, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pilan, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Recchia, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rigoni-Garola, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Segalini, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siragusa, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spolaore, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taliercio, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toigo, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zagorski, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zanotto, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zaupa, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zuin, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Serianni, G.</creatorcontrib><title>First operations with caesium of the negative ion source SPIDER</title><title>Nuclear fusion</title><addtitle>NF</addtitle><addtitle>Nucl. Fusion</addtitle><description>The negative-ion based neutral beam injector for heating and current drive of the ITER plasma (ITER HNB) is under development, at present focusing on the optimization of the full-scale plasma source in the SPIDER test stand. The production of H
−
or D
−
ions in the ion source is based on the low work function surfaces obtained by caesium evaporation. This paper describes the caesium conditioning procedure and the corresponding beam performances during the first operation of SPIDER with caesium. Technical solutions to overcome present limitations of the test stand are described. The influence of source parameters on the caesium effectiveness was investigated in short beam pulse operation; with total radio-frequency (RF) power of 400 kW and filling pressure below 0.4 Pa, and a limited number of extraction apertures, a negative ion current density of about 200 A m
−2
was extracted in hydrogen, with beam energy lower than 60 keV. Beam optics and beam uniformity were assessed thanks to the acceleration of isolated ion beamlets. A possible procedure to accelerate a uniform beam was demonstrated at low RF power. The results obtained in this first investigation provided key indications on the operation of one of the largest existing sources of accelerated negative hydrogen-like ions.</description><subject>ITER</subject><subject>negative ion source</subject><subject>neutral beam injection</subject><issn>0029-5515</issn><issn>1741-4326</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1UE1LAzEUDKJgrd495uTJtXlJdpM9idRWCwXFj3NIkxe7xe4uyVbx37tLxZOeHsybGWaGkHNgV8C0noCSkEnBi4l1CnI8IKNf6JCMGONllueQH5OTlDaMgQQhRuR6XsXU0abFaLuqqRP9rLo1dRZTtdvSJtBujbTGt_77gbRn0NTsokP6_Li4nT2dkqNg3xOe_dwxeZ3PXqb32fLhbjG9WWZO5KLLlPbSBq2YFKVwqKQV6P1KW1-Uwq9AIAjnJCjHeEClgtdWFiXXDktRBBBjwva-LjYpRQymjdXWxi8DzAwDmKGtGdqa_QC95GIvqZrWbPrQdR_Q1MEU3GjDdME4N60PPfHyD-K_vt9VLmjc</recordid><startdate>20220801</startdate><enddate>20220801</enddate><creator>Sartori, E.</creator><creator>Agostini, M.</creator><creator>Barbisan, M.</creator><creator>Bigi, 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L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zaupa, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zuin, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Serianni, G.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Nuclear fusion</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sartori, E.</au><au>Agostini, M.</au><au>Barbisan, M.</au><au>Bigi, M.</au><au>Boldrin, M.</au><au>Brombin, M.</au><au>Casagrande, R.</au><au>Dal Bello, S.</au><au>Dan, M.</au><au>Duteil, B.P.</au><au>Fadone, M.</au><au>Grando, L.</au><au>Maistrello, A.</au><au>Pavei, M.</au><au>Pimazzoni, A.</au><au>Poggi, C.</au><au>Rizzolo, A.</au><au>Shepherd, A.</au><au>Ugoletti, M.</au><au>Veltri, P.</au><au>Zaniol, B.</au><au>Agnello, R.</au><au>Agostinetti, P.</au><au>Antoni, V.</au><au>Aprile, D.</au><au>Candeloro, V.</au><au>Cavallini, C.</au><au>Cavazzana, R.</au><au>Cavenago, M.</au><au>Chitarin, G.</au><au>Cristofaro, S.</au><au>Dalla Palma, M.</au><au>Delogu, R.</au><au>De Muri, M.</au><au>Denizeau, S.</au><au>Fellin, F.</au><au>Ferro, A.</au><au>Gasparrini, C.</au><au>Jain, P.</au><au>Luchetta, A.</au><au>Manduchi, G.</au><au>Marconato, N.</au><au>Marcuzzi, D.</au><au>Mario, I.</au><au>Milazzo, R.</au><au>Pasqualotto, R.</au><au>Patton, T.</au><au>Pilan, N.</au><au>Recchia, M.</au><au>Rigoni-Garola, A.</au><au>Segalini, B.</au><au>Siragusa, M.</au><au>Spolaore, M.</au><au>Taliercio, C.</au><au>Toigo, V.</au><au>Zagorski, R.</au><au>Zanotto, L.</au><au>Zaupa, M.</au><au>Zuin, M.</au><au>Serianni, G.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>First operations with caesium of the negative ion source SPIDER</atitle><jtitle>Nuclear fusion</jtitle><stitle>NF</stitle><addtitle>Nucl. Fusion</addtitle><date>2022-08-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>62</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>86022</spage><pages>86022-</pages><issn>0029-5515</issn><eissn>1741-4326</eissn><coden>NUFUAU</coden><abstract>The negative-ion based neutral beam injector for heating and current drive of the ITER plasma (ITER HNB) is under development, at present focusing on the optimization of the full-scale plasma source in the SPIDER test stand. The production of H
−
or D
−
ions in the ion source is based on the low work function surfaces obtained by caesium evaporation. This paper describes the caesium conditioning procedure and the corresponding beam performances during the first operation of SPIDER with caesium. Technical solutions to overcome present limitations of the test stand are described. The influence of source parameters on the caesium effectiveness was investigated in short beam pulse operation; with total radio-frequency (RF) power of 400 kW and filling pressure below 0.4 Pa, and a limited number of extraction apertures, a negative ion current density of about 200 A m
−2
was extracted in hydrogen, with beam energy lower than 60 keV. Beam optics and beam uniformity were assessed thanks to the acceleration of isolated ion beamlets. A possible procedure to accelerate a uniform beam was demonstrated at low RF power. The results obtained in this first investigation provided key indications on the operation of one of the largest existing sources of accelerated negative hydrogen-like ions.</abstract><pub>IOP Publishing</pub><doi>10.1088/1741-4326/ac715e</doi><tpages>17</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4486-687X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4588-8168</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1462-6480</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0282-2978</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4925-4752</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9849-8788</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2735-2466</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4065-3861</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0625-1201</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3427-2090</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3060-8466</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3823-1002</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5375-9614</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2103-7630</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7498-0780</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5651-1825</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3684-7559</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3238-6863</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0029-5515 |
| ispartof | Nuclear fusion, 2022-08, Vol.62 (8), p.86022 |
| issn | 0029-5515 1741-4326 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_crossref_primary_10_1088_1741_4326_ac715e |
| source | IOP Publishing Journals; Institute of Physics (IOP) Journals - HEAL-Link |
| subjects | ITER negative ion source neutral beam injection |
| title | First operations with caesium of the negative ion source SPIDER |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-07T23%3A34%3A57IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-iop_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=First%20operations%20with%20caesium%20of%20the%20negative%20ion%20source%20SPIDER&rft.jtitle=Nuclear%20fusion&rft.au=Sartori,%20E.&rft.date=2022-08-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=86022&rft.pages=86022-&rft.issn=0029-5515&rft.eissn=1741-4326&rft.coden=NUFUAU&rft_id=info:doi/10.1088/1741-4326/ac715e&rft_dat=%3Ciop_cross%3Enfac715e%3C/iop_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true |