Importance of magnetic shape anisotropy in determining triaxial magnetic anisotropy of ferromagnetic semiconductor CrSCl monolayer

Magnetic anisotropy (MA) is pivotal for stabilizing long-range magnetic order in two-dimensional (2D) systems against thermal fluctuations. Here, we conduct a comprehensive investigation of the electronic and magnetic properties of CrSCl monolayer using first-principles methods and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Our results reveal that CrSCl monolayer exhibit a direct band gap ferromagnetic semiconductor (FMS) with a high Curie temperature (T C , 143 K). Notably, we identify triaxial magnetic anisotropy in this monolayer, characterized by the easy magnetization axis along the y -axis, intermediate axis along the x -axis, and hard axis along the z -axis. This anisotropy arises from a combination of magnetocrystalline anisotropy and shape anisotropy, in which shape anisotropy dominating over weak magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Orbital projection analysis shows that the major contribution of magnetic anisotropy energy comes from the d orbital of Cr atom. These findings provide some insights into the strain response of MA and suggest that studies of other FM monolayers may uncover future contenders for strain-switchable and ultra-compact spintronics devices.