Measurement of Si pixel sensor alignment for the ALICE ITS detector

A Large Ion Collider Experiment (ALICE) experiment is one of the four experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) designed to investigate the status of matter under very high energy densities produced during heavy-ion collisions. The ALICE inner tracking system (ITS) consists of seven concentric cylindrical layers of monolithic silicon pixel sensors known as ALICE pixel detector (ALPIDE). The sensors are used to reconstruct the paths of charged particles generated in the collisions. The sensor alignment of the detector must be adjusted to a high precision standard. The adjustment objective is to obtain a detector that can undertake high-resolution measurements. This paper introduces a method for measuring the reference markers utilized in sensor alignment determination. Markers engraved at the chip corners have been detected using the Hough transform, Canny edge detection, and template matching techniques. The distances between two markers are measured to determine the accuracy of the pixel sensor alignment before and after assembly. The proposed methods exhibit an accuracy exceeding 99% and demonstrate high speed analysis. The average processing times for detecting the circle and cross markers are 105.9 ms/image and 113.8 ms/image, respectively. The sensor alignment of the detector must be adjusted to a high precision standard. However, recent studies have shown deviations of up to 5 μ m above the desired value in the measured sensor position. Such deviations do not represent a major issue, nevertheless it is important to measure them in order to speed-up and make more accurate the recursive track-based alignment procedure used to reconstruct the position of each pixel sensor in the tracking detector. The proposed method offers a promising solution to deliver precise and rapid measurements for a large number of examined objects.