Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil of Salvia chudaei Batt. et Trab. endemic plant from Algeria

The essential oil composition and in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil from Salvia chudaei Batt. et Trab. were investigated in this research for the first time. Gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of the plant essential oil resulted in the identification of fifty compounds representing 90.8% of the oil. The principal constituents were identified as bornyl acetate (20.5%), β-eudesmol (13.6%), β-caryophyllene (10.6%), valencene (9.3%), τ-cadinol (9.3%), α-pinene (6.9%) and γ-cadinene (5.8%). The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was evaluated using disk diffusion and agar dilution methods. A great potential antimicrobial activity was observed against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans , followed by Bacillus subtilis , Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes , with their respective zones of inhibition of 13.33 ± 1.52 to 40.5 ± 2.12 mm and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) values of 0.062–1 mg/mL. The plant essential oil was also subjected to screenings for the evaluation of their antioxidant activities using 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and β-carotene–linoleic acid tests, and weak activities were found for this essential oil.