Energy cost and mechanical efficiency of riding a human-powered recumbent bicycle
When dealing with human-powered vehicles, it is important to quantify the capability of converting metabolic energy in useful mechanical work by measuring mechanical efficiency. In this study, net mechanical efficiency (η) of riding a recumbent bicycle on flat terrain and at constant speeds (v, 5.1-...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Ergonomics 2008-10, Vol.51 (10), p.1565-1575 |
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| creator | Capelli, Carlo Ardigò, Luca Paolo Schena, Federico Zamparo, Paola |
| description | When dealing with human-powered vehicles, it is important to quantify the capability of converting metabolic energy in useful mechanical work by measuring mechanical efficiency. In this study, net mechanical efficiency (η) of riding a recumbent bicycle on flat terrain and at constant speeds (v, 5.1-10.0 m/s) was calculated dividing mechanical work (w, J/m) by the corresponding energy cost (C
c
, J/m). w and C
c
increased linearly with the speed squared: w = 9.41 + 0.156 · v
2
; C
c
= 39.40 + 0.563 · v
2
. η was equal to 0.257 ± 0.0245, i.e. identical to that of concentric muscular contraction. Hence, i) η seems unaffected by the biomechanical arrangement of the human-vehicle system; ii) the efficiency of transmission seems to be close to 100%, suggesting that the particular biomechanical arrangement does not impair the transformation of metabolic energy in mechanical work. When dealing with human-powered vehicles, it is important to quantify mechanical efficiency (η) of locomotion. η of riding a recumbent bicycle was calculated dividing the mechanical work to the corresponding energy cost of locomotion; it was practically identical to that of concentric muscular contraction (0.257 ± 0.0245), suggesting that the power transmission from muscles to pedals is unaffected by the biomechanical arrangement of the vehicle. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1080/00140130802238614 |
| format | Article |
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c
, J/m). w and C
c
increased linearly with the speed squared: w = 9.41 + 0.156 · v
2
; C
c
= 39.40 + 0.563 · v
2
. η was equal to 0.257 ± 0.0245, i.e. identical to that of concentric muscular contraction. Hence, i) η seems unaffected by the biomechanical arrangement of the human-vehicle system; ii) the efficiency of transmission seems to be close to 100%, suggesting that the particular biomechanical arrangement does not impair the transformation of metabolic energy in mechanical work. When dealing with human-powered vehicles, it is important to quantify mechanical efficiency (η) of locomotion. η of riding a recumbent bicycle was calculated dividing the mechanical work to the corresponding energy cost of locomotion; it was practically identical to that of concentric muscular contraction (0.257 ± 0.0245), suggesting that the power transmission from muscles to pedals is unaffected by the biomechanical arrangement of the vehicle.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0014-0139</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1366-5847</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1080/00140130802238614</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18803095</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ERGOAX</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Taylor & Francis</publisher><subject>Adult ; Applied physiology ; Bicycles ; Bicycling - physiology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; drag coefficient ; energy cost of locomotion ; Energy Metabolism - physiology ; Equipment Design ; Ergonomics ; Ergonomics. Work place. Occupational physiology ; Human factors research ; Human mechanics ; Human performance ; Human physiology applied to population studies and life conditions. Human ecophysiology ; Humans ; mechanical efficiency ; mechanical work ; Medical sciences ; Metabolism ; Middle Aged ; recumbent human-powered vehicle ; Space life sciences</subject><ispartof>Ergonomics, 2008-10, Vol.51 (10), p.1565-1575</ispartof><rights>Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 2008</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Taylor & Francis Group Oct 2008</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c519t-98085a1968e1b2e1c59cd6904147dc8744d272613fc979060eadb050a68b67223</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c519t-98085a1968e1b2e1c59cd6904147dc8744d272613fc979060eadb050a68b67223</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00140130802238614$$EPDF$$P50$$Ginformaworld$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00140130802238614$$EHTML$$P50$$Ginformaworld$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,59620,60409</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=20750969$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18803095$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Capelli, Carlo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ardigò, Luca Paolo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schena, Federico</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zamparo, Paola</creatorcontrib><title>Energy cost and mechanical efficiency of riding a human-powered recumbent bicycle</title><title>Ergonomics</title><addtitle>Ergonomics</addtitle><description>When dealing with human-powered vehicles, it is important to quantify the capability of converting metabolic energy in useful mechanical work by measuring mechanical efficiency. In this study, net mechanical efficiency (η) of riding a recumbent bicycle on flat terrain and at constant speeds (v, 5.1-10.0 m/s) was calculated dividing mechanical work (w, J/m) by the corresponding energy cost (C
c
, J/m). w and C
c
increased linearly with the speed squared: w = 9.41 + 0.156 · v
2
; C
c
= 39.40 + 0.563 · v
2
. η was equal to 0.257 ± 0.0245, i.e. identical to that of concentric muscular contraction. Hence, i) η seems unaffected by the biomechanical arrangement of the human-vehicle system; ii) the efficiency of transmission seems to be close to 100%, suggesting that the particular biomechanical arrangement does not impair the transformation of metabolic energy in mechanical work. When dealing with human-powered vehicles, it is important to quantify mechanical efficiency (η) of locomotion. η of riding a recumbent bicycle was calculated dividing the mechanical work to the corresponding energy cost of locomotion; it was practically identical to that of concentric muscular contraction (0.257 ± 0.0245), suggesting that the power transmission from muscles to pedals is unaffected by the biomechanical arrangement of the vehicle.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Applied physiology</subject><subject>Bicycles</subject><subject>Bicycling - physiology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biomechanical Phenomena</subject><subject>drag coefficient</subject><subject>energy cost of locomotion</subject><subject>Energy Metabolism - physiology</subject><subject>Equipment Design</subject><subject>Ergonomics</subject><subject>Ergonomics. Work place. Occupational physiology</subject><subject>Human factors research</subject><subject>Human mechanics</subject><subject>Human performance</subject><subject>Human physiology applied to population studies and life conditions. Human ecophysiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>mechanical efficiency</subject><subject>mechanical work</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>recumbent human-powered vehicle</subject><subject>Space life sciences</subject><issn>0014-0139</issn><issn>1366-5847</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkVtrFTEUhYMo9rT6A3yRINi30Z1MruCLlF6Eggj6PGSSTJsykxyTGer8e1PO0YJFzlN2yLf2ztoLoTcEPhBQ8BGAMCBtLSltlSDsGdqQVoiGKyafo83De1MBfYSOS7mr15Zo-hIdEaWgBc036Nt59PlmxTaVGZvo8OTtrYnBmhH7YQg2-GhXnAacgwvxBht8u0wmNtt077N3OHu7TL2PM-6DXe3oX6EXgxmLf70_T9CPi_PvZ1fN9dfLL2efrxvLiZ4brUBxQ7RQnvTUE8u1dUIDI0w6qyRjjkoqSDtYLTUI8Mb1wMEI1QtZ_Z6g013fbU4_F1_mbgrF-nE00aeldEJzpaRSB8GWMy6JYgfB-lmQdcsVfPcPeJeWHKvbjoLSREsqK0R2kM2plOyHbpvDZPLaEege4uuexFc1b_eNl37y7lGxz6sC7_eAKTWiIZtoQ_nLUZActNCVkzsuxCHlydynPLpuNuuY8h_Rk_Hd_Guuyk8Hle3_HfwGf0bEPA</recordid><startdate>200810</startdate><enddate>200810</enddate><creator>Capelli, Carlo</creator><creator>Ardigò, Luca Paolo</creator><creator>Schena, Federico</creator><creator>Zamparo, Paola</creator><general>Taylor & Francis</general><general>Taylor & Francis LLC</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200810</creationdate><title>Energy cost and mechanical efficiency of riding a human-powered recumbent bicycle</title><author>Capelli, Carlo ; Ardigò, Luca Paolo ; Schena, Federico ; Zamparo, Paola</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c519t-98085a1968e1b2e1c59cd6904147dc8744d272613fc979060eadb050a68b67223</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Applied physiology</topic><topic>Bicycles</topic><topic>Bicycling - physiology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biomechanical Phenomena</topic><topic>drag coefficient</topic><topic>energy cost of locomotion</topic><topic>Energy Metabolism - physiology</topic><topic>Equipment Design</topic><topic>Ergonomics</topic><topic>Ergonomics. Work place. Occupational physiology</topic><topic>Human factors research</topic><topic>Human mechanics</topic><topic>Human performance</topic><topic>Human physiology applied to population studies and life conditions. Human ecophysiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>mechanical efficiency</topic><topic>mechanical work</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>recumbent human-powered vehicle</topic><topic>Space life sciences</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Capelli, Carlo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ardigò, Luca Paolo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schena, Federico</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zamparo, Paola</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Copper Technical Reference Library</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Ergonomics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Capelli, Carlo</au><au>Ardigò, Luca Paolo</au><au>Schena, Federico</au><au>Zamparo, Paola</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Energy cost and mechanical efficiency of riding a human-powered recumbent bicycle</atitle><jtitle>Ergonomics</jtitle><addtitle>Ergonomics</addtitle><date>2008-10</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>51</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>1565</spage><epage>1575</epage><pages>1565-1575</pages><issn>0014-0139</issn><eissn>1366-5847</eissn><coden>ERGOAX</coden><abstract>When dealing with human-powered vehicles, it is important to quantify the capability of converting metabolic energy in useful mechanical work by measuring mechanical efficiency. In this study, net mechanical efficiency (η) of riding a recumbent bicycle on flat terrain and at constant speeds (v, 5.1-10.0 m/s) was calculated dividing mechanical work (w, J/m) by the corresponding energy cost (C
c
, J/m). w and C
c
increased linearly with the speed squared: w = 9.41 + 0.156 · v
2
; C
c
= 39.40 + 0.563 · v
2
. η was equal to 0.257 ± 0.0245, i.e. identical to that of concentric muscular contraction. Hence, i) η seems unaffected by the biomechanical arrangement of the human-vehicle system; ii) the efficiency of transmission seems to be close to 100%, suggesting that the particular biomechanical arrangement does not impair the transformation of metabolic energy in mechanical work. When dealing with human-powered vehicles, it is important to quantify mechanical efficiency (η) of locomotion. η of riding a recumbent bicycle was calculated dividing the mechanical work to the corresponding energy cost of locomotion; it was practically identical to that of concentric muscular contraction (0.257 ± 0.0245), suggesting that the power transmission from muscles to pedals is unaffected by the biomechanical arrangement of the vehicle.</abstract><cop>London</cop><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>Taylor & Francis</pub><pmid>18803095</pmid><doi>10.1080/00140130802238614</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Ergonomics, 2008-10, Vol.51 (10), p.1565-1575 |
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| subjects | Adult Applied physiology Bicycles Bicycling - physiology Biological and medical sciences Biomechanical Phenomena drag coefficient energy cost of locomotion Energy Metabolism - physiology Equipment Design Ergonomics Ergonomics. Work place. Occupational physiology Human factors research Human mechanics Human performance Human physiology applied to population studies and life conditions. Human ecophysiology Humans mechanical efficiency mechanical work Medical sciences Metabolism Middle Aged recumbent human-powered vehicle Space life sciences |
| title | Energy cost and mechanical efficiency of riding a human-powered recumbent bicycle |
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