A karyological study on subterranean mole rats of the Spalax leucodon Nordmann, 1840 superspecies in Turkey

The karyotypes of 179 specimens of the subterranean mole rats of the Spalax leucodon Nordmann, 1840 superspecies across 40 localities in Turkey were analysed. It was determined that S. leucodon has 2n = 56, NF = 76 in the European part of Turkey (Eceabat population) but 2n = 38, NF = 74; 2n = 50, NF = 70; 2n = 52, NF = 70; 2n = 54, NF = 72; 2n = 56, NF = 74; 2n = 58, NF = 78; 2n = 60, NF = 78; 2n = 60, NF = 80 in populations analysed from the Asian part of Turkey. According to these karyological findings the diploid chromosome numbers of 2n = 50, 2n = 52, 2n = 56 and 2n = 58 determined from the Asian part of Turkey are new fo Spalax leucodon in Turkey. Because diploid numbers of these populations were formerly found from geographically distant localities in Turkey, they were designated as 2n = 50 N, 52 N, 56 N and 58 N, to differentiate from the other forms having the same diploid chromosome numbers but different chromosome morphology. The occurrence of so many chromosomal forms in such small areas suggested that many other new forms may be found by new studies in Turkey. The presence of 2n = 50, 56 and 58 populations in very small areas is strongly supportive of the opinion of a peripatric chromosomal evolution in Spalax.