Evidence that protons act as neurotransmitters at vestibular hair cell–calyx afferent synapses

Evidence that protons act as neurotransmitters at vestibular hair cell–calyx afferent synapses

Present data support the conclusion that protons serve as an important neurotransmitter to convey excitatory stimuli from inner ear type I vestibular hair cells to postsynaptic calyx nerve terminals. Time-resolved pH imaging revealed stimulus-evoked extrusion of protons from hair cells and a subsequ...

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Veröffentlicht in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2014-04, Vol.111 (14), p.5421-5426
Hauptverfasser: Highstein, Stephen M., Holstein, Gay R., Mann, Mary Anne, Rabbitt, Richard D.
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Acidification
Amniota
Biological Sciences
Calyx
Cells
Hair
Hair cells
Hair Cells, Vestibular - metabolism
Imaging
Kinetics
Neurotransmitter Agents - metabolism
Neurotransmitters
Protons
Signal transduction
Synapses
Time constants
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container_end_page 5426
container_issue 14
container_start_page 5421
container_title Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS
container_volume 111
creator Highstein, Stephen M.
Holstein, Gay R.
Mann, Mary Anne
Rabbitt, Richard D.
description Present data support the conclusion that protons serve as an important neurotransmitter to convey excitatory stimuli from inner ear type I vestibular hair cells to postsynaptic calyx nerve terminals. Time-resolved pH imaging revealed stimulus-evoked extrusion of protons from hair cells and a subsequent buildup of [ H ⁺] within the confined chalice-shaped synaptic cleft (ΔpH ∼ −0.2). Whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings revealed a concomitant nonquantal excitatory postsynaptic current in the calyx terminal that was causally modulated by cleft acidification. The time course of [ H ⁺] buildup limits the speed of this intercellular signaling mechanism, but for tonic signals such as gravity, protonergic transmission offers a significant metabolic advantage over quantal excitatory postsynaptic currents—an advantage that may have driven the proliferation of postsynaptic calyx terminals in the inner ear vestibular organs of contemporary amniotes.
doi_str_mv 10.1073/pnas.1319561111
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subjects Acidification
Amniota
Biological Sciences
Calyx
Cells
Hair
Hair cells
Hair Cells, Vestibular - metabolism
Imaging
Kinetics
Neurotransmitter Agents - metabolism
Neurotransmitters
Protons
Signal transduction
Synapses
Time constants
title Evidence that protons act as neurotransmitters at vestibular hair cell–calyx afferent synapses
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