On weak influence of aluminum powder size on its post-detonation reaction in different time scales
The outstanding performance of aluminized explosives is attributed to the substantial energy released through aluminum (Al) reactions during post-detonation flow. However, the influences of Al powder size on the explosion power of aluminized explosives sometimes vary significantly across different t...
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description | The outstanding performance of aluminized explosives is attributed to the substantial energy released through aluminum (Al) reactions during post-detonation flow. However, the influences of Al powder size on the explosion power of aluminized explosives sometimes vary significantly across different time scales, which may suggest potential differences in Al reaction processes. To investigate the size-dependent reaction behavior of Al powders at different time scales, a novel experimental apparatus was employed to measure the velocity of a rod propelled by the detonation products of RDX/Al explosives (with Al powder sizes of 1.9 µm or 47.1 µm)1 at ∼1 ms, and the results were compared to those obtained from previous tube tests at around 30 µs. The experimental findings reveal that the impact of Al powder size on the metal-driven capability of aluminized explosives is not substantial at either 1 ms or 30 µs. Given the inadequacy of the phenomenological equation of state for studying the Al reaction due to its inability to ensure the uniqueness of the reaction process, we investigated the tburn∝dAln law using the Gurney energy method, where dAl and tburn denote the powder size and combustion time of Al powders, respectively. The values of n (0.031 and 0.038) were examined for the first time in post-detonation flow, which are significantly smaller than those observed in quasi-static flow. These results substantiate that the weak powder size effect on Al reaction is likely a prevalent phenomenon for micron-sized Al powders in post-detonation flow, attributable to the high pressure and high velocity characteristic of such flows. |
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However, the influences of Al powder size on the explosion power of aluminized explosives sometimes vary significantly across different time scales, which may suggest potential differences in Al reaction processes. To investigate the size-dependent reaction behavior of Al powders at different time scales, a novel experimental apparatus was employed to measure the velocity of a rod propelled by the detonation products of RDX/Al explosives (with Al powder sizes of 1.9 µm or 47.1 µm)1 at ∼1 ms, and the results were compared to those obtained from previous tube tests at around 30 µs. The experimental findings reveal that the impact of Al powder size on the metal-driven capability of aluminized explosives is not substantial at either 1 ms or 30 µs. Given the inadequacy of the phenomenological equation of state for studying the Al reaction due to its inability to ensure the uniqueness of the reaction process, we investigated the tburn∝dAln law using the Gurney energy method, where dAl and tburn denote the powder size and combustion time of Al powders, respectively. The values of n (0.031 and 0.038) were examined for the first time in post-detonation flow, which are significantly smaller than those observed in quasi-static flow. These results substantiate that the weak powder size effect on Al reaction is likely a prevalent phenomenon for micron-sized Al powders in post-detonation flow, attributable to the high pressure and high velocity characteristic of such flows.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2158-3226</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2158-3226</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1063/5.0221641</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AAIDBI</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Melville: American Institute of Physics</publisher><subject>Aluminizing ; Aluminum ; Detonation ; Energy methods ; Equations of state ; Explosives ; Pressure effects ; Size effects ; Time dependence ; Time measurement</subject><ispartof>AIP advances, 2024-07, Vol.14 (7), p.075014-075014-11</ispartof><rights>Author(s)</rights><rights>2024 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c248t-edba9645ea58a475790855866ad1ddda9e88d31b57f25e6c77a61fe6c0c207223</cites><orcidid>0009-0004-2269-6501 ; 0000-0002-0098-1617</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,864,2100,27915,27916</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Dongjiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yi, Zhicong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gan, Yundan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Qijun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Fusheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Xinghan</creatorcontrib><title>On weak influence of aluminum powder size on its post-detonation reaction in different time scales</title><title>AIP advances</title><description>The outstanding performance of aluminized explosives is attributed to the substantial energy released through aluminum (Al) reactions during post-detonation flow. However, the influences of Al powder size on the explosion power of aluminized explosives sometimes vary significantly across different time scales, which may suggest potential differences in Al reaction processes. To investigate the size-dependent reaction behavior of Al powders at different time scales, a novel experimental apparatus was employed to measure the velocity of a rod propelled by the detonation products of RDX/Al explosives (with Al powder sizes of 1.9 µm or 47.1 µm)1 at ∼1 ms, and the results were compared to those obtained from previous tube tests at around 30 µs. The experimental findings reveal that the impact of Al powder size on the metal-driven capability of aluminized explosives is not substantial at either 1 ms or 30 µs. Given the inadequacy of the phenomenological equation of state for studying the Al reaction due to its inability to ensure the uniqueness of the reaction process, we investigated the tburn∝dAln law using the Gurney energy method, where dAl and tburn denote the powder size and combustion time of Al powders, respectively. The values of n (0.031 and 0.038) were examined for the first time in post-detonation flow, which are significantly smaller than those observed in quasi-static flow. These results substantiate that the weak powder size effect on Al reaction is likely a prevalent phenomenon for micron-sized Al powders in post-detonation flow, attributable to the high pressure and high velocity characteristic of such flows.</description><subject>Aluminizing</subject><subject>Aluminum</subject><subject>Detonation</subject><subject>Energy methods</subject><subject>Equations of state</subject><subject>Explosives</subject><subject>Pressure effects</subject><subject>Size effects</subject><subject>Time dependence</subject><subject>Time measurement</subject><issn>2158-3226</issn><issn>2158-3226</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU9rHSEUxYfSQEOSRb-BkFULk6jjv1mW0KaBQDbJWu7Ta_F1nr6oQ2g_fe17oXQVXXg4_Djn4h2Gj4xeMaqma3lFOWdKsHfDKWfSjBPn6v1_-sNwUeuW9iNmRo04HTYPibwg_CQxhWXF5JDkQGBZdzGtO7LPLx4LqfF39xOJrXarttFjywla7F5BcAcRE_ExBCyYGmlxh6Q6WLCeDycBlooXr-_Z8PTt6-PN9_H-4fbu5sv96LgwbUS_gVkJiSANCC31TI2URinwzHsPMxrjJ7aROnCJymkNioUuqONUcz6dDXfHXJ9ha_cl7qD8shmiPRi5_LBQWnQLWoMbPXnGYZ606NeEXqqDUGh6rZp71uUxa1_y84q12W1eS-rj24nqWSjB1dSpT0fKlVxrwfCvlVH7dyNW2teNdPbzka0utsPPvQH_AcG7iaw</recordid><startdate>20240701</startdate><enddate>20240701</enddate><creator>Zhang, Dongjiang</creator><creator>Yi, Zhicong</creator><creator>Gan, Yundan</creator><creator>Liu, Qijun</creator><creator>Liu, Fusheng</creator><creator>Li, Xinghan</creator><general>American Institute of Physics</general><general>AIP Publishing LLC</general><scope>AJDQP</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2269-6501</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0098-1617</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240701</creationdate><title>On weak influence of aluminum powder size on its post-detonation reaction in different time scales</title><author>Zhang, Dongjiang ; Yi, Zhicong ; Gan, Yundan ; Liu, Qijun ; Liu, Fusheng ; Li, Xinghan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c248t-edba9645ea58a475790855866ad1ddda9e88d31b57f25e6c77a61fe6c0c207223</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Aluminizing</topic><topic>Aluminum</topic><topic>Detonation</topic><topic>Energy methods</topic><topic>Equations of state</topic><topic>Explosives</topic><topic>Pressure effects</topic><topic>Size effects</topic><topic>Time dependence</topic><topic>Time measurement</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Dongjiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yi, Zhicong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gan, Yundan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Qijun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Fusheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Xinghan</creatorcontrib><collection>AIP Open Access Journals</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>AIP advances</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zhang, Dongjiang</au><au>Yi, Zhicong</au><au>Gan, Yundan</au><au>Liu, Qijun</au><au>Liu, Fusheng</au><au>Li, Xinghan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>On weak influence of aluminum powder size on its post-detonation reaction in different time scales</atitle><jtitle>AIP advances</jtitle><date>2024-07-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>075014</spage><epage>075014-11</epage><pages>075014-075014-11</pages><issn>2158-3226</issn><eissn>2158-3226</eissn><coden>AAIDBI</coden><abstract>The outstanding performance of aluminized explosives is attributed to the substantial energy released through aluminum (Al) reactions during post-detonation flow. However, the influences of Al powder size on the explosion power of aluminized explosives sometimes vary significantly across different time scales, which may suggest potential differences in Al reaction processes. To investigate the size-dependent reaction behavior of Al powders at different time scales, a novel experimental apparatus was employed to measure the velocity of a rod propelled by the detonation products of RDX/Al explosives (with Al powder sizes of 1.9 µm or 47.1 µm)1 at ∼1 ms, and the results were compared to those obtained from previous tube tests at around 30 µs. The experimental findings reveal that the impact of Al powder size on the metal-driven capability of aluminized explosives is not substantial at either 1 ms or 30 µs. Given the inadequacy of the phenomenological equation of state for studying the Al reaction due to its inability to ensure the uniqueness of the reaction process, we investigated the tburn∝dAln law using the Gurney energy method, where dAl and tburn denote the powder size and combustion time of Al powders, respectively. The values of n (0.031 and 0.038) were examined for the first time in post-detonation flow, which are significantly smaller than those observed in quasi-static flow. These results substantiate that the weak powder size effect on Al reaction is likely a prevalent phenomenon for micron-sized Al powders in post-detonation flow, attributable to the high pressure and high velocity characteristic of such flows.</abstract><cop>Melville</cop><pub>American Institute of Physics</pub><doi>10.1063/5.0221641</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2269-6501</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0098-1617</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Aluminizing Aluminum Detonation Energy methods Equations of state Explosives Pressure effects Size effects Time dependence Time measurement |
title | On weak influence of aluminum powder size on its post-detonation reaction in different time scales |
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