Cryogenic operation of planar ultrananocrystalline diamond field emission source in SRF injector
Here, we report a demonstration of electron beam generation in a superconducting radio frequency (SRF) Teraelectronvolt Energy Superconducting Linear Accelerator 1.3 GHz gun equipped with a field emission cathode and operated at 2 K. The cathode is a submicrometer film of nitrogen-incorporated ultra...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Applied physics letters 2021-02, Vol.118 (5) |
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| creator | Baryshev, Sergey V. Wang, Erdong Jing, Chunguang Jabotinski, Vadim Antipov, Sergey Kanareykin, Alexei D. Belomestnykh, Sergey Ben-Zvi, Ilan Chen, Lizhi Wu, Qiong Li, Hao Sumant, Anirudha V. |
| description | Here, we report a demonstration of electron beam generation in a superconducting radio frequency (SRF) Teraelectronvolt Energy Superconducting Linear Accelerator 1.3 GHz gun equipped with a field emission cathode and operated at 2 K. The cathode is a submicrometer film of nitrogen-incorporated ultrananocrystalline diamond [(N)UNCD] deposited atop a Nb RRR300 cathode plug that is 4 mm in diameter. Measurements of the output current showed that it increased exponentially as a function of the gun gradient. Our results demonstrate a feasible path toward simplified fully cryogenic SRF injector technology. At a maximal gradient of 0.9 MV/m, a current density of 22 μA/cm2 was obtained [calculated as a 2.75 μA current over the total cathode surface area of π(2 mm)2]. One important finding is that the electron emitter made of (N)UNCD, a material long been known as a highly efficient field emission material, demonstrated a record low turn-on gradient of 0.6 MV/m. A hypothesis explaining this behavior is proposed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1063/5.0013172 |
| format | Article |
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(BNL), Upton, NY (United States) ; Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)</creatorcontrib><description>Here, we report a demonstration of electron beam generation in a superconducting radio frequency (SRF) Teraelectronvolt Energy Superconducting Linear Accelerator 1.3 GHz gun equipped with a field emission cathode and operated at 2 K. The cathode is a submicrometer film of nitrogen-incorporated ultrananocrystalline diamond [(N)UNCD] deposited atop a Nb RRR300 cathode plug that is 4 mm in diameter. Measurements of the output current showed that it increased exponentially as a function of the gun gradient. Our results demonstrate a feasible path toward simplified fully cryogenic SRF injector technology. At a maximal gradient of 0.9 MV/m, a current density of 22 μA/cm2 was obtained [calculated as a 2.75 μA current over the total cathode surface area of π(2 mm)2]. One important finding is that the electron emitter made of (N)UNCD, a material long been known as a highly efficient field emission material, demonstrated a record low turn-on gradient of 0.6 MV/m. A hypothesis explaining this behavior is proposed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0003-6951</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1077-3118</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1063/5.0013172</identifier><identifier>CODEN: APPLAB</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Melville: American Institute of Physics</publisher><subject>Applied physics ; Carbon based materials ; Cathodes ; Diameters ; Diamond ; Diamond films ; Diamonds ; Electron beams ; Emitters ; Emitters (electron) ; Field emission ; Field emitter arrays ; Injectors ; Nitrogen ; PARTICLE ACCELERATORS ; Raman spectroscopy ; Superconductivity</subject><ispartof>Applied physics letters, 2021-02, Vol.118 (5)</ispartof><rights>Author(s)</rights><rights>2021 Author(s). 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(BNL), Upton, NY (United States)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)</creatorcontrib><title>Cryogenic operation of planar ultrananocrystalline diamond field emission source in SRF injector</title><title>Applied physics letters</title><description>Here, we report a demonstration of electron beam generation in a superconducting radio frequency (SRF) Teraelectronvolt Energy Superconducting Linear Accelerator 1.3 GHz gun equipped with a field emission cathode and operated at 2 K. The cathode is a submicrometer film of nitrogen-incorporated ultrananocrystalline diamond [(N)UNCD] deposited atop a Nb RRR300 cathode plug that is 4 mm in diameter. Measurements of the output current showed that it increased exponentially as a function of the gun gradient. Our results demonstrate a feasible path toward simplified fully cryogenic SRF injector technology. At a maximal gradient of 0.9 MV/m, a current density of 22 μA/cm2 was obtained [calculated as a 2.75 μA current over the total cathode surface area of π(2 mm)2]. One important finding is that the electron emitter made of (N)UNCD, a material long been known as a highly efficient field emission material, demonstrated a record low turn-on gradient of 0.6 MV/m. A hypothesis explaining this behavior is proposed.</description><subject>Applied physics</subject><subject>Carbon based materials</subject><subject>Cathodes</subject><subject>Diameters</subject><subject>Diamond</subject><subject>Diamond films</subject><subject>Diamonds</subject><subject>Electron beams</subject><subject>Emitters</subject><subject>Emitters (electron)</subject><subject>Field emission</subject><subject>Field emitter arrays</subject><subject>Injectors</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>PARTICLE ACCELERATORS</subject><subject>Raman spectroscopy</subject><subject>Superconductivity</subject><issn>0003-6951</issn><issn>1077-3118</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqdkE1LAzEQhoMoWKsH_0HQk8LWfOxuskcpVoWC4Mc5ZrOJpmyTNUmF_nvTruDd08zAMzMvDwDnGM0wqulNNUMIU8zIAZhgxFhBMeaHYIIQokXdVPgYnMS4ymNFKJ2A93nY-g_trIJ-0EEm6x30Bg69dDLATZ9CbpxXYRuT7HvrNOysXHvXQWN130G9tjHutqLfBKWhdfDleZHLSqvkwyk4MrKP-uy3TsHb4u51_lAsn-4f57fLQlHepKKqWcnr1ihuDG9J2eFW4apkRlHS6JaWuFRGVrxrFGo4Z0YzRUjbIqSNkQzRKbgY7_qYrIjKJq0-lXcupxCY1SXKeqbgcoSG4L82OiaxyqFdziVIyStOWL2nrkZKBR9j0EYMwa5l2AqMxM6yqMSv5cxej-zu497e_-BvH_5AMXSG_gBZJIu6</recordid><startdate>20210201</startdate><enddate>20210201</enddate><creator>Baryshev, Sergey V.</creator><creator>Wang, Erdong</creator><creator>Jing, Chunguang</creator><creator>Jabotinski, Vadim</creator><creator>Antipov, Sergey</creator><creator>Kanareykin, Alexei D.</creator><creator>Belomestnykh, Sergey</creator><creator>Ben-Zvi, Ilan</creator><creator>Chen, Lizhi</creator><creator>Wu, Qiong</creator><creator>Li, Hao</creator><creator>Sumant, Anirudha V.</creator><general>American Institute of Physics</general><general>American Institute of Physics (AIP)</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>OIOZB</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7822-8169</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9126-5658</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9909-3099</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0849-8144</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5583-0106</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6028-0038</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210201</creationdate><title>Cryogenic operation of planar ultrananocrystalline diamond field emission source in SRF injector</title><author>Baryshev, Sergey V. ; Wang, Erdong ; Jing, Chunguang ; Jabotinski, Vadim ; Antipov, Sergey ; Kanareykin, Alexei D. ; Belomestnykh, Sergey ; Ben-Zvi, Ilan ; Chen, Lizhi ; Wu, Qiong ; Li, Hao ; Sumant, Anirudha V.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c389t-567486bfc8ff8b24d1bc1547fc329eb3414cfa58d9c09887fe7c22bb00effa703</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Applied physics</topic><topic>Carbon based materials</topic><topic>Cathodes</topic><topic>Diameters</topic><topic>Diamond</topic><topic>Diamond films</topic><topic>Diamonds</topic><topic>Electron beams</topic><topic>Emitters</topic><topic>Emitters (electron)</topic><topic>Field emission</topic><topic>Field emitter arrays</topic><topic>Injectors</topic><topic>Nitrogen</topic><topic>PARTICLE ACCELERATORS</topic><topic>Raman spectroscopy</topic><topic>Superconductivity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Baryshev, Sergey V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Erdong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jing, Chunguang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jabotinski, Vadim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Antipov, Sergey</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kanareykin, Alexei D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Belomestnykh, Sergey</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ben-Zvi, Ilan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Lizhi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Qiong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Hao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sumant, Anirudha V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brookhaven National Lab. 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| source | AIP Journals Complete; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Applied physics Carbon based materials Cathodes Diameters Diamond Diamond films Diamonds Electron beams Emitters Emitters (electron) Field emission Field emitter arrays Injectors Nitrogen PARTICLE ACCELERATORS Raman spectroscopy Superconductivity |
| title | Cryogenic operation of planar ultrananocrystalline diamond field emission source in SRF injector |
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