The triplet state in tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum
This paper presents the characterization of the triplet state in tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3). An emission spectrum of Alq3, namely, the phosphorescence, is presented for crystalline and amorphous Alq3, which enables direct investigation of the T1→S0 transition. The assignment of this sp...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of applied physics 2004-12, Vol.96 (11), p.6133-6141 |
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description | This paper presents the characterization of the triplet state in tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3). An emission spectrum of Alq3, namely, the phosphorescence, is presented for crystalline and amorphous Alq3, which enables direct investigation of the T1→S0 transition. The assignment of this spectrum to the phosphorescence is further confirmed by temperature-dependent measurements and comparison with the delayed fluorescence. The triplet energies of the meridional and facial isomer (in α- and δ-Alq3) are determined from the well-resolved vibronic progressions of the phosphorescence as 2.11±0.1 and 2.16±0.1eV, respectively. Furthermore, the lifetime of the triplet state is measured for a temperature range from 6to150K. These temperature-dependent measurements also identify a so far unknown phase transition of Alq3 at about 50K. Optically detected magnetic resonance at a zero field is used to measure the characteristic zero-field splitting parameters (∣E∣=0.0114cm−1 and ∣D∣=0.0630cm−1), and these are discussed in terms of a molecular symmetry and contribution of different ligands and suggest a mini-exciton-like behavior of the triplet state on the three ligands of the Alq3 molecule. All these measurements are performed on different crystalline phases (α- and δ-Alq3) and on evaporated amorphous films. The differences observed for the δ-phase are consistent with the reduced intersystem crossing and thus with the facial isomer in this phase. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1063/1.1808249 |
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An emission spectrum of Alq3, namely, the phosphorescence, is presented for crystalline and amorphous Alq3, which enables direct investigation of the T1→S0 transition. The assignment of this spectrum to the phosphorescence is further confirmed by temperature-dependent measurements and comparison with the delayed fluorescence. The triplet energies of the meridional and facial isomer (in α- and δ-Alq3) are determined from the well-resolved vibronic progressions of the phosphorescence as 2.11±0.1 and 2.16±0.1eV, respectively. Furthermore, the lifetime of the triplet state is measured for a temperature range from 6to150K. These temperature-dependent measurements also identify a so far unknown phase transition of Alq3 at about 50K. Optically detected magnetic resonance at a zero field is used to measure the characteristic zero-field splitting parameters (∣E∣=0.0114cm−1 and ∣D∣=0.0630cm−1), and these are discussed in terms of a molecular symmetry and contribution of different ligands and suggest a mini-exciton-like behavior of the triplet state on the three ligands of the Alq3 molecule. All these measurements are performed on different crystalline phases (α- and δ-Alq3) and on evaporated amorphous films. The differences observed for the δ-phase are consistent with the reduced intersystem crossing and thus with the facial isomer in this phase.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-8979</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1089-7550</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1063/1.1808249</identifier><language>eng</language><ispartof>Journal of applied physics, 2004-12, Vol.96 (11), p.6133-6141</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c295t-ac813397271130c95b8dda70671ce62d9d2ac1f4f21e66286203f245788dca553</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c295t-ac813397271130c95b8dda70671ce62d9d2ac1f4f21e66286203f245788dca553</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27905,27906</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Cölle, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gärditz, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Braun, M.</creatorcontrib><title>The triplet state in tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum</title><title>Journal of applied physics</title><description>This paper presents the characterization of the triplet state in tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3). An emission spectrum of Alq3, namely, the phosphorescence, is presented for crystalline and amorphous Alq3, which enables direct investigation of the T1→S0 transition. The assignment of this spectrum to the phosphorescence is further confirmed by temperature-dependent measurements and comparison with the delayed fluorescence. The triplet energies of the meridional and facial isomer (in α- and δ-Alq3) are determined from the well-resolved vibronic progressions of the phosphorescence as 2.11±0.1 and 2.16±0.1eV, respectively. Furthermore, the lifetime of the triplet state is measured for a temperature range from 6to150K. These temperature-dependent measurements also identify a so far unknown phase transition of Alq3 at about 50K. Optically detected magnetic resonance at a zero field is used to measure the characteristic zero-field splitting parameters (∣E∣=0.0114cm−1 and ∣D∣=0.0630cm−1), and these are discussed in terms of a molecular symmetry and contribution of different ligands and suggest a mini-exciton-like behavior of the triplet state on the three ligands of the Alq3 molecule. All these measurements are performed on different crystalline phases (α- and δ-Alq3) and on evaporated amorphous films. The differences observed for the δ-phase are consistent with the reduced intersystem crossing and thus with the facial isomer in this phase.</description><issn>0021-8979</issn><issn>1089-7550</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2004</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNotj8tKAzEUQIMoOFYX_sEs7SL13mTyWkrxBQU3dT3EJEMj86hJBpy_l2JXB87iwCHkHmGDIPkjblCDZo25IBWCNlQJAZekAmBItVHmmtzk_A2AqLmpiNwfQl1SPPah1LnYEuo4nkSmD5oeFp-m3-VnjuPUxzGsbT8PcZyHW3LV2T6HuzNX5PPleb99o7uP1_ft0446ZkSh1mnk3CimEDk4I76091aBVOiCZN54Zh12TccwSMm0ZMA71giltXdWCL4i6_-uS1POKXTtMcXBpqVFaE_DLbbnYf4HhJhGwg</recordid><startdate>20041201</startdate><enddate>20041201</enddate><creator>Cölle, M.</creator><creator>Gärditz, C.</creator><creator>Braun, M.</creator><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20041201</creationdate><title>The triplet state in tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum</title><author>Cölle, M. ; Gärditz, C. ; Braun, M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c295t-ac813397271130c95b8dda70671ce62d9d2ac1f4f21e66286203f245788dca553</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2004</creationdate><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Cölle, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gärditz, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Braun, M.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Journal of applied physics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Cölle, M.</au><au>Gärditz, C.</au><au>Braun, M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The triplet state in tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum</atitle><jtitle>Journal of applied physics</jtitle><date>2004-12-01</date><risdate>2004</risdate><volume>96</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>6133</spage><epage>6141</epage><pages>6133-6141</pages><issn>0021-8979</issn><eissn>1089-7550</eissn><abstract>This paper presents the characterization of the triplet state in tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3). An emission spectrum of Alq3, namely, the phosphorescence, is presented for crystalline and amorphous Alq3, which enables direct investigation of the T1→S0 transition. The assignment of this spectrum to the phosphorescence is further confirmed by temperature-dependent measurements and comparison with the delayed fluorescence. The triplet energies of the meridional and facial isomer (in α- and δ-Alq3) are determined from the well-resolved vibronic progressions of the phosphorescence as 2.11±0.1 and 2.16±0.1eV, respectively. Furthermore, the lifetime of the triplet state is measured for a temperature range from 6to150K. These temperature-dependent measurements also identify a so far unknown phase transition of Alq3 at about 50K. Optically detected magnetic resonance at a zero field is used to measure the characteristic zero-field splitting parameters (∣E∣=0.0114cm−1 and ∣D∣=0.0630cm−1), and these are discussed in terms of a molecular symmetry and contribution of different ligands and suggest a mini-exciton-like behavior of the triplet state on the three ligands of the Alq3 molecule. All these measurements are performed on different crystalline phases (α- and δ-Alq3) and on evaporated amorphous films. The differences observed for the δ-phase are consistent with the reduced intersystem crossing and thus with the facial isomer in this phase.</abstract><doi>10.1063/1.1808249</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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title | The triplet state in tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum |
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