Properties of a Thermoelectric Cell
A gas-filled diode is proposed as a useful device for the direct conversion of heat energy into electrical energy. A vacuum diode operated with no applied voltage developed an electromotive force between the two electrodes, which was dependent, among other things, on the temperature difference of th...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of Applied Physics (U.S.) 1958-11, Vol.29 (11), p.1611-1612 |
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| container_end_page | 1612 |
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| container_issue | 11 |
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| container_title | Journal of Applied Physics (U.S.) |
| container_volume | 29 |
| creator | Grover, G. M. Roehling, D. J. Salmi, E. W. Pidd, R. W. |
| description | A gas-filled diode is proposed as a useful device for the direct conversion of heat energy into electrical energy. A vacuum diode operated with no applied voltage developed an electromotive force between the two electrodes, which was dependent, among other things, on the temperature difference of the electrodes. The hot electrode was electrically positive with respect to the cold collector. When an external load resistor was joined to the electrodes, the characteristic cell currents were of the order of one mu a per cm/sup 2/ of emitting surface for electrode spacing of the order of one cm. The addition of a very small amount of easily ionized gas such as cesium vapor iuto the cell coutainer changed the cell characteristics drastically. The cesium vapor had little effect on the developed emf. The cell impedance was lowered by many orders of magnitude. A rough colorimetric determination indicates an efficiency of about 5% at peak power output. The results of the investigation are shown graphically. (A.C.) |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1063/1.1723009 |
| format | Article |
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W.</creator><creatorcontrib>Grover, G. M. ; Roehling, D. J. ; Salmi, E. W. ; Pidd, R. W. ; Los Alamos Scientific Lab., N. Mex ; Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor</creatorcontrib><description>A gas-filled diode is proposed as a useful device for the direct conversion of heat energy into electrical energy. A vacuum diode operated with no applied voltage developed an electromotive force between the two electrodes, which was dependent, among other things, on the temperature difference of the electrodes. The hot electrode was electrically positive with respect to the cold collector. When an external load resistor was joined to the electrodes, the characteristic cell currents were of the order of one mu a per cm/sup 2/ of emitting surface for electrode spacing of the order of one cm. The addition of a very small amount of easily ionized gas such as cesium vapor iuto the cell coutainer changed the cell characteristics drastically. The cesium vapor had little effect on the developed emf. The cell impedance was lowered by many orders of magnitude. A rough colorimetric determination indicates an efficiency of about 5% at peak power output. The results of the investigation are shown graphically. (A.C.)</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-8979</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1089-7550</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1063/1.1723009</identifier><language>eng</language><subject>CESIUM ; COLOR ; COLORIMETRY ; CONFIGURATION ; CONVERSION ; CURRENTS ; DIAGRAMS ; DIODES ; EFFICIENCY ; ELECTRIC CHARGES ; ELECTRIC POTENTIAL ; ELECTRICITY ; ELECTRODES ; EMISSION ; ENERGY ; GASES ; HEATING ; INSTRUMENTS ; IONIZATION ; OPERATION ; POWER ; QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS ; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS ; RESISTORS ; SURFACES ; TEMPERATURE ; THERMOELECTRIC CELLS ; USES ; VACUUM ; VAPORS ; VARIATIONS</subject><ispartof>Journal of Applied Physics (U.S.), 1958-11, Vol.29 (11), p.1611-1612</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c291t-33c733a7fd34d893294b7a95d75bf23d6c68785d4de9a2b8469aef6215b5fdc43</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,883,27907,27908</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/4280261$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Grover, G. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roehling, D. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salmi, E. W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pidd, R. W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Los Alamos Scientific Lab., N. Mex</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor</creatorcontrib><title>Properties of a Thermoelectric Cell</title><title>Journal of Applied Physics (U.S.)</title><description>A gas-filled diode is proposed as a useful device for the direct conversion of heat energy into electrical energy. A vacuum diode operated with no applied voltage developed an electromotive force between the two electrodes, which was dependent, among other things, on the temperature difference of the electrodes. The hot electrode was electrically positive with respect to the cold collector. When an external load resistor was joined to the electrodes, the characteristic cell currents were of the order of one mu a per cm/sup 2/ of emitting surface for electrode spacing of the order of one cm. The addition of a very small amount of easily ionized gas such as cesium vapor iuto the cell coutainer changed the cell characteristics drastically. The cesium vapor had little effect on the developed emf. The cell impedance was lowered by many orders of magnitude. A rough colorimetric determination indicates an efficiency of about 5% at peak power output. The results of the investigation are shown graphically. (A.C.)</description><subject>CESIUM</subject><subject>COLOR</subject><subject>COLORIMETRY</subject><subject>CONFIGURATION</subject><subject>CONVERSION</subject><subject>CURRENTS</subject><subject>DIAGRAMS</subject><subject>DIODES</subject><subject>EFFICIENCY</subject><subject>ELECTRIC CHARGES</subject><subject>ELECTRIC POTENTIAL</subject><subject>ELECTRICITY</subject><subject>ELECTRODES</subject><subject>EMISSION</subject><subject>ENERGY</subject><subject>GASES</subject><subject>HEATING</subject><subject>INSTRUMENTS</subject><subject>IONIZATION</subject><subject>OPERATION</subject><subject>POWER</subject><subject>QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS</subject><subject>QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS</subject><subject>RESISTORS</subject><subject>SURFACES</subject><subject>TEMPERATURE</subject><subject>THERMOELECTRIC CELLS</subject><subject>USES</subject><subject>VACUUM</subject><subject>VAPORS</subject><subject>VARIATIONS</subject><issn>0021-8979</issn><issn>1089-7550</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1958</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNotkM1KAzEYRYMoOFYXvsGgKxdTvy__WcpgVSjooq5DJj90ZNqUZDa-vZV2dTeHy-EQco-wRJDsGZeoKAMwF6RB0KZTQsAlaQAodtooc01uav0BQNTMNOTxq-RDLPMYa5tT69rNNpZdjlP0cxl928dpuiVXyU013p13Qb5Xr5v-vVt_vn30L-vOU4Nzx5hXjDmVAuNBG0YNH5QzIigxJMqC9FIrLQIP0Tg6aC6Ni0lSFINIwXO2IA-n31zn0VY_ztFvfd7vjy6WUw1U4hF6OkG-5FpLTPZQxp0rvxbB_iewaM8J2B-SuUuo</recordid><startdate>19581101</startdate><enddate>19581101</enddate><creator>Grover, G. M.</creator><creator>Roehling, D. J.</creator><creator>Salmi, E. W.</creator><creator>Pidd, R. W.</creator><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19581101</creationdate><title>Properties of a Thermoelectric Cell</title><author>Grover, G. M. ; Roehling, D. J. ; Salmi, E. W. ; Pidd, R. W.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c291t-33c733a7fd34d893294b7a95d75bf23d6c68785d4de9a2b8469aef6215b5fdc43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1958</creationdate><topic>CESIUM</topic><topic>COLOR</topic><topic>COLORIMETRY</topic><topic>CONFIGURATION</topic><topic>CONVERSION</topic><topic>CURRENTS</topic><topic>DIAGRAMS</topic><topic>DIODES</topic><topic>EFFICIENCY</topic><topic>ELECTRIC CHARGES</topic><topic>ELECTRIC POTENTIAL</topic><topic>ELECTRICITY</topic><topic>ELECTRODES</topic><topic>EMISSION</topic><topic>ENERGY</topic><topic>GASES</topic><topic>HEATING</topic><topic>INSTRUMENTS</topic><topic>IONIZATION</topic><topic>OPERATION</topic><topic>POWER</topic><topic>QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS</topic><topic>QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS</topic><topic>RESISTORS</topic><topic>SURFACES</topic><topic>TEMPERATURE</topic><topic>THERMOELECTRIC CELLS</topic><topic>USES</topic><topic>VACUUM</topic><topic>VAPORS</topic><topic>VARIATIONS</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Grover, G. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roehling, D. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salmi, E. W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pidd, R. W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Los Alamos Scientific Lab., N. Mex</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>Journal of Applied Physics (U.S.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Grover, G. M.</au><au>Roehling, D. J.</au><au>Salmi, E. W.</au><au>Pidd, R. W.</au><aucorp>Los Alamos Scientific Lab., N. Mex</aucorp><aucorp>Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Properties of a Thermoelectric Cell</atitle><jtitle>Journal of Applied Physics (U.S.)</jtitle><date>1958-11-01</date><risdate>1958</risdate><volume>29</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>1611</spage><epage>1612</epage><pages>1611-1612</pages><issn>0021-8979</issn><eissn>1089-7550</eissn><abstract>A gas-filled diode is proposed as a useful device for the direct conversion of heat energy into electrical energy. A vacuum diode operated with no applied voltage developed an electromotive force between the two electrodes, which was dependent, among other things, on the temperature difference of the electrodes. The hot electrode was electrically positive with respect to the cold collector. When an external load resistor was joined to the electrodes, the characteristic cell currents were of the order of one mu a per cm/sup 2/ of emitting surface for electrode spacing of the order of one cm. The addition of a very small amount of easily ionized gas such as cesium vapor iuto the cell coutainer changed the cell characteristics drastically. The cesium vapor had little effect on the developed emf. The cell impedance was lowered by many orders of magnitude. A rough colorimetric determination indicates an efficiency of about 5% at peak power output. The results of the investigation are shown graphically. (A.C.)</abstract><doi>10.1063/1.1723009</doi><tpages>2</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0021-8979 |
| ispartof | Journal of Applied Physics (U.S.), 1958-11, Vol.29 (11), p.1611-1612 |
| issn | 0021-8979 1089-7550 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_crossref_primary_10_1063_1_1723009 |
| source | AIP Digital Archive |
| subjects | CESIUM COLOR COLORIMETRY CONFIGURATION CONVERSION CURRENTS DIAGRAMS DIODES EFFICIENCY ELECTRIC CHARGES ELECTRIC POTENTIAL ELECTRICITY ELECTRODES EMISSION ENERGY GASES HEATING INSTRUMENTS IONIZATION OPERATION POWER QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS RESISTORS SURFACES TEMPERATURE THERMOELECTRIC CELLS USES VACUUM VAPORS VARIATIONS |
| title | Properties of a Thermoelectric Cell |
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