Dynamic behavior of thermionic dispenser cathodes under ion bombardment
We have investigated the surface coverage and electron emission of thermionic dispenser cathodes during 3 keV Ar+ ion bombardment, thereby simulating the bombardment of the cathodes by residual gases that takes place in cathode-ray tubes as used in television sets. During the ion bombardment at the...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of applied physics 2001-04, Vol.89 (8), p.4354-4364 |
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container_title | Journal of applied physics |
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creator | Cortenraad, R. van der Gon, A. W. Denier Brongersma, H. H. Gärtner, G. Raasch, D. Manenschijn, A. |
description | We have investigated the surface coverage and electron emission of thermionic dispenser cathodes during 3 keV Ar+ ion bombardment, thereby simulating the bombardment of the cathodes by residual gases that takes place in cathode-ray tubes as used in television sets. During the ion bombardment at the operating temperature of 1030 °C, a dynamic equilibrium is established between the sputter removal and resupply mechanisms of the Ba and O atoms that form the dipole layer on the cathode substrate. We demonstrated that the performance of the cathodes under ion bombardment is governed by the O removal and resupply rates. It was found that the Ba resupply rate is almost an order of magnitude higher than the O resupply rate, but that the Ba can only be present on the surface bound to O atoms. Therefore, the Ba/O ratio is approximately equal to unity during the ion bombardment. Based on the investigations of the removal and resupply processes, we proposed a model that accurately describes the surface coverage and electron emission during the ion bombardment, including the dependence of the ion flux and cathode temperature. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1063/1.1356433 |
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W. Denier ; Brongersma, H. H. ; Gärtner, G. ; Raasch, D. ; Manenschijn, A.</creator><creatorcontrib>Cortenraad, R. ; van der Gon, A. W. Denier ; Brongersma, H. H. ; Gärtner, G. ; Raasch, D. ; Manenschijn, A.</creatorcontrib><description>We have investigated the surface coverage and electron emission of thermionic dispenser cathodes during 3 keV Ar+ ion bombardment, thereby simulating the bombardment of the cathodes by residual gases that takes place in cathode-ray tubes as used in television sets. During the ion bombardment at the operating temperature of 1030 °C, a dynamic equilibrium is established between the sputter removal and resupply mechanisms of the Ba and O atoms that form the dipole layer on the cathode substrate. We demonstrated that the performance of the cathodes under ion bombardment is governed by the O removal and resupply rates. It was found that the Ba resupply rate is almost an order of magnitude higher than the O resupply rate, but that the Ba can only be present on the surface bound to O atoms. Therefore, the Ba/O ratio is approximately equal to unity during the ion bombardment. Based on the investigations of the removal and resupply processes, we proposed a model that accurately describes the surface coverage and electron emission during the ion bombardment, including the dependence of the ion flux and cathode temperature.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-8979</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1089-7550</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1063/1.1356433</identifier><language>eng</language><ispartof>Journal of applied physics, 2001-04, Vol.89 (8), p.4354-4364</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c262t-2fed59b9caec0eb14eba7b5b377809a9b751ca93d066ef87637bc3521b4022de3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c262t-2fed59b9caec0eb14eba7b5b377809a9b751ca93d066ef87637bc3521b4022de3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Cortenraad, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van der Gon, A. W. Denier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brongersma, H. H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gärtner, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raasch, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manenschijn, A.</creatorcontrib><title>Dynamic behavior of thermionic dispenser cathodes under ion bombardment</title><title>Journal of applied physics</title><description>We have investigated the surface coverage and electron emission of thermionic dispenser cathodes during 3 keV Ar+ ion bombardment, thereby simulating the bombardment of the cathodes by residual gases that takes place in cathode-ray tubes as used in television sets. During the ion bombardment at the operating temperature of 1030 °C, a dynamic equilibrium is established between the sputter removal and resupply mechanisms of the Ba and O atoms that form the dipole layer on the cathode substrate. We demonstrated that the performance of the cathodes under ion bombardment is governed by the O removal and resupply rates. It was found that the Ba resupply rate is almost an order of magnitude higher than the O resupply rate, but that the Ba can only be present on the surface bound to O atoms. Therefore, the Ba/O ratio is approximately equal to unity during the ion bombardment. Based on the investigations of the removal and resupply processes, we proposed a model that accurately describes the surface coverage and electron emission during the ion bombardment, including the dependence of the ion flux and cathode temperature.</description><issn>0021-8979</issn><issn>1089-7550</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2001</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNotkE1LxDAURYMoWEcX_oNsXXR8L2mSZimjjsKAG12XfLzSim2GpArz7x1xVpd7D9zFYewWYY2g5T2uUSrdSHnGKoTW1kYpOGcVgMC6tcZesqtSPgEQW2krtn08zG4aA_c0uJ8xZZ56vgyUpzHNxzmOZU9zocyDW4YUqfDvOR7rEXOfJu9ynGhertlF774K3ZxyxT6en943L_Xubfu6edjVQWix1KKnqKy3wVEA8tiQd8YrL41pwTrrjcLgrIygNfWt0dL4IJVA34AQkeSK3f3_hpxKydR3-zxOLh86hO7PQIfdyYD8BSMlTpo</recordid><startdate>20010415</startdate><enddate>20010415</enddate><creator>Cortenraad, R.</creator><creator>van der Gon, A. W. Denier</creator><creator>Brongersma, H. 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We demonstrated that the performance of the cathodes under ion bombardment is governed by the O removal and resupply rates. It was found that the Ba resupply rate is almost an order of magnitude higher than the O resupply rate, but that the Ba can only be present on the surface bound to O atoms. Therefore, the Ba/O ratio is approximately equal to unity during the ion bombardment. Based on the investigations of the removal and resupply processes, we proposed a model that accurately describes the surface coverage and electron emission during the ion bombardment, including the dependence of the ion flux and cathode temperature.</abstract><doi>10.1063/1.1356433</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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title | Dynamic behavior of thermionic dispenser cathodes under ion bombardment |
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