Promoting electrocatalytic CO 2 methanation using a molecular modifier on Cu surfaces

The electroreduction of CO 2 to methane using renewable energy is a promising approach to achieving carbon neutrality. At commercially relevant current densities (>200 mA cm −2 ), methane selectivity is however below 50%. Herein, we reported a benzenethiol-modified Cu nanoparticle catalyst that achieved a methane faradaic efficiency of 54.5% at a partial current density of 383 mA cm −2 , 1.9-fold higher than that of Cu nanoparticle controls. In situ vibrational spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations showed that the benzenethiol modulated the electronic structure of the Cu surface to enable a lowered coverage of *CO, favouring the formation of *CHO, a key intermediate embarking on the CH 4 pathway, over the competing carbon–carbon coupling, the pathway towards multicarbons.