The sensitive surface chemistry of Co-free, Ni-rich layered oxides: identifying experimental conditions that influence characterization results
Recent studies have suggested that Co-free, Ni-rich layered cathodes ( e.g. , doped LiNiO 2 ) can provide promising battery performance for practical applications. However, these layered cathodes suffer from significant surface instability during various stages of the sample history, which generates...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability Materials for energy and sustainability, 2020-09, Vol.8 (34), p.17487-17497 |
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| container_title | Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability |
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| creator | Mu, Linqin Yang, Zhenzhong Tao, Lei Waters, Crystal K Xu, Zhengrui Li, Luxi Sainio, Sami Du, Yingge Xin, Huolin L Nordlund, Dennis Lin, Feng |
| description | Recent studies have suggested that Co-free, Ni-rich layered cathodes (
e.g.
, doped LiNiO
2
) can provide promising battery performance for practical applications. However, these layered cathodes suffer from significant surface instability during various stages of the sample history, which generates inherent challenges for achieving stable battery performance and obtaining statistically representative characterization results. To reliably report the surface chemistry of these materials, delicate controls of stepwise sample preparation are required. In this study, we aim to illustrate how the surface chemistry of LiNiO
2
based materials changes with various environments, including human exhalation, sample storage, sample preparation, electrochemical cycling, and surface doping. Our results demonstrate that the surface of these materials is highly reactive and prone to alter at various stages of sample handling and characterization. The sensitive surface could impact the interpretation of the surface chemical and structural information, including surface carbonate formation, transition metal reduction and dissolution, and surface reconstruction. Importantly, the heterogeneity of the surface degradation calls for a consolidation of nanoscale, high-resolution characterization and ensemble-averaged methods in order to improve statistical representation. Furthermore, the doping chemistry can effectively mitigate the surface degradation and improve overall battery performance due to the enhanced surface oxygen retention. Our study highlights the necessity of strict measurements through complementary characterization at multiple length scales to eliminate unintentional biased conclusions.
Co-free, Ni-rich layered cathodes suffer from surface instability during various stages of the sample history, creating challenges for obtaining statistically representative characterization results and achieving stable battery performance. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1039/d0ta06375d |
| format | Article |
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e.g.
, doped LiNiO
2
) can provide promising battery performance for practical applications. However, these layered cathodes suffer from significant surface instability during various stages of the sample history, which generates inherent challenges for achieving stable battery performance and obtaining statistically representative characterization results. To reliably report the surface chemistry of these materials, delicate controls of stepwise sample preparation are required. In this study, we aim to illustrate how the surface chemistry of LiNiO
2
based materials changes with various environments, including human exhalation, sample storage, sample preparation, electrochemical cycling, and surface doping. Our results demonstrate that the surface of these materials is highly reactive and prone to alter at various stages of sample handling and characterization. The sensitive surface could impact the interpretation of the surface chemical and structural information, including surface carbonate formation, transition metal reduction and dissolution, and surface reconstruction. Importantly, the heterogeneity of the surface degradation calls for a consolidation of nanoscale, high-resolution characterization and ensemble-averaged methods in order to improve statistical representation. Furthermore, the doping chemistry can effectively mitigate the surface degradation and improve overall battery performance due to the enhanced surface oxygen retention. Our study highlights the necessity of strict measurements through complementary characterization at multiple length scales to eliminate unintentional biased conclusions.
Co-free, Ni-rich layered cathodes suffer from surface instability during various stages of the sample history, creating challenges for obtaining statistically representative characterization results and achieving stable battery performance.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2050-7488</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2050-7496</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1039/d0ta06375d</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry</publisher><subject>Cathodes ; Degradation ; Doping ; Electrochemistry ; Exhalation ; Heterogeneity ; Reduction (metal working) ; Sample preparation ; Surface chemistry ; Surface stability ; Transition metals</subject><ispartof>Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability, 2020-09, Vol.8 (34), p.17487-17497</ispartof><rights>Copyright Royal Society of Chemistry 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c371t-c589d4311fa1fca82327098a8e634eaac7dde3900fee66dedf109ffbc01bdde63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c371t-c589d4311fa1fca82327098a8e634eaac7dde3900fee66dedf109ffbc01bdde63</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7226-7973 ; 0000-0002-3729-3148 ; 0000-0003-4421-4820 ; 0000000272267973 ; 0000000237293148 ; 0000000344214820</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/1648173$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mu, Linqin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Zhenzhong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tao, Lei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Waters, Crystal K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Zhengrui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Luxi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sainio, Sami</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Du, Yingge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xin, Huolin L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nordlund, Dennis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Feng</creatorcontrib><title>The sensitive surface chemistry of Co-free, Ni-rich layered oxides: identifying experimental conditions that influence characterization results</title><title>Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability</title><description>Recent studies have suggested that Co-free, Ni-rich layered cathodes (
e.g.
, doped LiNiO
2
) can provide promising battery performance for practical applications. However, these layered cathodes suffer from significant surface instability during various stages of the sample history, which generates inherent challenges for achieving stable battery performance and obtaining statistically representative characterization results. To reliably report the surface chemistry of these materials, delicate controls of stepwise sample preparation are required. In this study, we aim to illustrate how the surface chemistry of LiNiO
2
based materials changes with various environments, including human exhalation, sample storage, sample preparation, electrochemical cycling, and surface doping. Our results demonstrate that the surface of these materials is highly reactive and prone to alter at various stages of sample handling and characterization. The sensitive surface could impact the interpretation of the surface chemical and structural information, including surface carbonate formation, transition metal reduction and dissolution, and surface reconstruction. Importantly, the heterogeneity of the surface degradation calls for a consolidation of nanoscale, high-resolution characterization and ensemble-averaged methods in order to improve statistical representation. Furthermore, the doping chemistry can effectively mitigate the surface degradation and improve overall battery performance due to the enhanced surface oxygen retention. Our study highlights the necessity of strict measurements through complementary characterization at multiple length scales to eliminate unintentional biased conclusions.
Co-free, Ni-rich layered cathodes suffer from surface instability during various stages of the sample history, creating challenges for obtaining statistically representative characterization results and achieving stable battery performance.</description><subject>Cathodes</subject><subject>Degradation</subject><subject>Doping</subject><subject>Electrochemistry</subject><subject>Exhalation</subject><subject>Heterogeneity</subject><subject>Reduction (metal working)</subject><subject>Sample preparation</subject><subject>Surface chemistry</subject><subject>Surface stability</subject><subject>Transition metals</subject><issn>2050-7488</issn><issn>2050-7496</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kU9PAyEQxTdGExv14t0E9WZchbLdBW9N67_E6KWeCcLg0qxQgTWtX8KvLFqjNznAhPfLm8m8otgn-Ixgys81ThLXtBnpjWIwxCNcNhWvN39rxraLvRjnOB-Gcc35oPiYtYAiuGiTfctVH4xUgFQLLzamsELeoIkvTQA4Rfe2DFa1qJMrCKCRX1oN8QLl2yVrVtY9I1guINiX_CE7pLzT2di7iFIrE7LOdD247wYySJUy-i6_ABQg9l2Ku8WWkV2EvZ93p3i8upxNbsq7h-vbyfiuVLQhqVQjxnVFCTGSGCXZkA4bzJlkUNMKpFSN1kA5xgagrjVoQzA35klh8pSVmu4UR2tfH5MVUdkEqs3jOlBJkLpipKEZOl5Di-Bfe4hJzH0fXJ5LDCvKOSMVGWXqZE2p4GMMYMQiL0CGlSBYfAUjpng2_g5mmuGDNRyi-uX-gsv64X-6WGhDPwFzpZmA</recordid><startdate>20200901</startdate><enddate>20200901</enddate><creator>Mu, Linqin</creator><creator>Yang, Zhenzhong</creator><creator>Tao, Lei</creator><creator>Waters, Crystal K</creator><creator>Xu, Zhengrui</creator><creator>Li, Luxi</creator><creator>Sainio, Sami</creator><creator>Du, Yingge</creator><creator>Xin, Huolin L</creator><creator>Nordlund, Dennis</creator><creator>Lin, Feng</creator><general>Royal Society of Chemistry</general><general>Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7226-7973</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3729-3148</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4421-4820</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000272267973</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000237293148</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000344214820</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200901</creationdate><title>The sensitive surface chemistry of Co-free, Ni-rich layered oxides: identifying experimental conditions that influence characterization results</title><author>Mu, Linqin ; Yang, Zhenzhong ; Tao, Lei ; Waters, Crystal K ; Xu, Zhengrui ; Li, Luxi ; Sainio, Sami ; Du, Yingge ; Xin, Huolin L ; Nordlund, Dennis ; Lin, Feng</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c371t-c589d4311fa1fca82327098a8e634eaac7dde3900fee66dedf109ffbc01bdde63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Cathodes</topic><topic>Degradation</topic><topic>Doping</topic><topic>Electrochemistry</topic><topic>Exhalation</topic><topic>Heterogeneity</topic><topic>Reduction (metal working)</topic><topic>Sample preparation</topic><topic>Surface chemistry</topic><topic>Surface stability</topic><topic>Transition metals</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mu, Linqin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Zhenzhong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tao, Lei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Waters, Crystal K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Zhengrui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Luxi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sainio, Sami</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Du, Yingge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xin, Huolin L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nordlund, Dennis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Feng</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mu, Linqin</au><au>Yang, Zhenzhong</au><au>Tao, Lei</au><au>Waters, Crystal K</au><au>Xu, Zhengrui</au><au>Li, Luxi</au><au>Sainio, Sami</au><au>Du, Yingge</au><au>Xin, Huolin L</au><au>Nordlund, Dennis</au><au>Lin, Feng</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The sensitive surface chemistry of Co-free, Ni-rich layered oxides: identifying experimental conditions that influence characterization results</atitle><jtitle>Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability</jtitle><date>2020-09-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>8</volume><issue>34</issue><spage>17487</spage><epage>17497</epage><pages>17487-17497</pages><issn>2050-7488</issn><eissn>2050-7496</eissn><abstract>Recent studies have suggested that Co-free, Ni-rich layered cathodes (
e.g.
, doped LiNiO
2
) can provide promising battery performance for practical applications. However, these layered cathodes suffer from significant surface instability during various stages of the sample history, which generates inherent challenges for achieving stable battery performance and obtaining statistically representative characterization results. To reliably report the surface chemistry of these materials, delicate controls of stepwise sample preparation are required. In this study, we aim to illustrate how the surface chemistry of LiNiO
2
based materials changes with various environments, including human exhalation, sample storage, sample preparation, electrochemical cycling, and surface doping. Our results demonstrate that the surface of these materials is highly reactive and prone to alter at various stages of sample handling and characterization. The sensitive surface could impact the interpretation of the surface chemical and structural information, including surface carbonate formation, transition metal reduction and dissolution, and surface reconstruction. Importantly, the heterogeneity of the surface degradation calls for a consolidation of nanoscale, high-resolution characterization and ensemble-averaged methods in order to improve statistical representation. Furthermore, the doping chemistry can effectively mitigate the surface degradation and improve overall battery performance due to the enhanced surface oxygen retention. Our study highlights the necessity of strict measurements through complementary characterization at multiple length scales to eliminate unintentional biased conclusions.
Co-free, Ni-rich layered cathodes suffer from surface instability during various stages of the sample history, creating challenges for obtaining statistically representative characterization results and achieving stable battery performance.</abstract><cop>Cambridge</cop><pub>Royal Society of Chemistry</pub><doi>10.1039/d0ta06375d</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7226-7973</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3729-3148</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4421-4820</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000272267973</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000237293148</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000344214820</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 2050-7488 |
| ispartof | Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability, 2020-09, Vol.8 (34), p.17487-17497 |
| issn | 2050-7488 2050-7496 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_crossref_primary_10_1039_D0TA06375D |
| source | Royal Society Of Chemistry Journals 2008- |
| subjects | Cathodes Degradation Doping Electrochemistry Exhalation Heterogeneity Reduction (metal working) Sample preparation Surface chemistry Surface stability Transition metals |
| title | The sensitive surface chemistry of Co-free, Ni-rich layered oxides: identifying experimental conditions that influence characterization results |
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