Number of trophic levels in ecological communities

ECOLOGICAL food chains are typically short, consisting of not more than four or five trophic levels. This is usually explained by a reduction in the energy which is available to successive links in the food chain 1,2 . In contrast, we believe that the number of trophic levels is constrained by popul...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Nature (London) 1977-01, Vol.268 (5618), p.329-331
Hauptverfasser:	Pimm, S.L, Lawton, J.H
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	arthropods entomology Humanities and Social Sciences insects letter multidisciplinary Science Science (multidisciplinary)
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description	ECOLOGICAL food chains are typically short, consisting of not more than four or five trophic levels. This is usually explained by a reduction in the energy which is available to successive links in the food chain 1,2 . In contrast, we believe that the number of trophic levels is constrained by population dynamics and not by ecological energetics.
doi_str_mv	10.1038/268329a0
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subjects	arthropods entomology Humanities and Social Sciences insects letter multidisciplinary Science Science (multidisciplinary)
title	Number of trophic levels in ecological communities
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