A New Procedure for the Isolation of Anti-HIV Compounds (Polysaccharides and Polyphenols) from the Marine Alga Fucus vesiculosus
Anti-HIV-active polysaccharides and polyphenols were isolated from the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus by hot H2O extraction of both the intact and the homogenized algae. This was followed by XAD2 chromatography and by sequential precipitation of the non-adsorbed compounds with glacial HOAc and ther...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of natural products (Washington, D.C.) D.C.), 1993-04, Vol.56 (4), p.478-488 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 488 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 4 |
| container_start_page | 478 |
| container_title | Journal of natural products (Washington, D.C.) |
| container_volume | 56 |
| creator | Béress, Anne Wassermann, Otmar Bruhn, Thomas Béress, László Kraiselburd, Edmundo N Gonzalez, Luz Virginia de Motta, Gladys E Chavez, Pedro I |
| description | Anti-HIV-active polysaccharides and polyphenols were isolated from the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus by hot H2O extraction of both the intact and the homogenized algae. This was followed by XAD2 chromatography and by sequential precipitation of the non-adsorbed compounds with glacial HOAc and thereafter with EtOH. The precipitate was solubilized, dialyzed against distilled H2O, and chromatographed on SP-Sephadex C25 and on QAE-Sephadex A25. This was followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G50 and Sephadex G100 and finally by hplc on a Shodex Ionpak S-804 column. For comparison, the commercial product fucoidan, a sulfated algal polysaccharide, was also further purified by the chromatographic techniques mentioned above. The isolated freeze-dried fractions obtained by these procedures were tested for inhibition of both HIV-induced syncytium formation and HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme activity. Some of these fractions inhibited both of these activities at concentrations that were not cytotoxic. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/np50094a005 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>istex_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_crossref_primary_10_1021_np50094a005</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>ark_67375_TPS_9CRJWZHD_C</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-a468t-99b3dfd73da342c3491c3895fc48d4916b87d71ba682f2e7402c9159e6196b883</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNptkM1rFDEYh4Moda2evAlCDoIVGU0mH5Mcl7F1V6outlXwErL56E47OxmSGbU3_3SzzrJ48PTyvs_Dj5cfAE8xeoNRid92PUNIUo0QuwdmmJWo4Khk98EMYU4KIjh9CB6ldIMQIkiyI3BUcUEpETPwew4_uZ9wFYNxdowO-hDhsHFwmUKrhyZ0MHg474amWCy_wjps-zB2NsGTVWjvkjZmo2NjXYK6s3B36zeuC216BX0M279RH7PROThvrzU8G82Y4A-XGjO2IY3pMXjgdZvck_08Bldnp5f1ojj__H5Zz88LTbkYCinXxHpbEasJLQ2hEhsiJPOGCpsXvhaVrfBac1H60lUUlUZiJh3HMjNBjsHrKdfEkFJ0XvWx2ep4pzBSuxrVPzVm-_lk9-N66-zB3feW-Ys918no1kfdmSYdNFpRxvAuppi0Jg3u1wHreKt4RSqmLlcXStZfPnz7vnin6uw_m3yvg9LXMUdeXUiKBRVlhi8nqE1SN2GMXe7rv9__AYtinew</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype></control><display><type>article</type><title>A New Procedure for the Isolation of Anti-HIV Compounds (Polysaccharides and Polyphenols) from the Marine Alga Fucus vesiculosus</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>ACS Publications</source><creator>Béress, Anne ; Wassermann, Otmar ; Bruhn, Thomas ; Béress, László ; Kraiselburd, Edmundo N ; Gonzalez, Luz Virginia ; de Motta, Gladys E ; Chavez, Pedro I</creator><creatorcontrib>Béress, Anne ; Wassermann, Otmar ; Bruhn, Thomas ; Béress, László ; Kraiselburd, Edmundo N ; Gonzalez, Luz Virginia ; de Motta, Gladys E ; Chavez, Pedro I</creatorcontrib><description>Anti-HIV-active polysaccharides and polyphenols were isolated from the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus by hot H2O extraction of both the intact and the homogenized algae. This was followed by XAD2 chromatography and by sequential precipitation of the non-adsorbed compounds with glacial HOAc and thereafter with EtOH. The precipitate was solubilized, dialyzed against distilled H2O, and chromatographed on SP-Sephadex C25 and on QAE-Sephadex A25. This was followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G50 and Sephadex G100 and finally by hplc on a Shodex Ionpak S-804 column. For comparison, the commercial product fucoidan, a sulfated algal polysaccharide, was also further purified by the chromatographic techniques mentioned above. The isolated freeze-dried fractions obtained by these procedures were tested for inhibition of both HIV-induced syncytium formation and HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme activity. Some of these fractions inhibited both of these activities at concentrations that were not cytotoxic.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0163-3864</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-6025</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/np50094a005</identifier><identifier>PMID: 7684438</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JNPRDF</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>ALGAE ; ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES ; Antiviral Agents - isolation & purification ; Antiviral Agents - pharmacology ; ANTIVIRAL PROPERTIES ; Biological and medical sciences ; BROWN SEAWEEDS ; Centrifugation ; Chromatography, Gel ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Ion Exchange ; COMPOSE PHENOLIQUE ; COMPUESTOS FENOLICOS ; DRUG THERAPY ; EXTRACTOS VEGETALES ; EXTRAIT D'ORIGINE VEGETALE ; Exudates and Transudates - chemistry ; Flavonoids ; General pharmacology ; GENERO HUMANO ; GENRE HUMAIN ; HERPETOVIRIDAE ; HIV - drug effects ; HIV - enzymology ; HIV Reverse Transcriptase ; HIV-1 - enzymology ; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS ; Humans ; MANKIND ; Medical sciences ; PHAEOPHYCEAE ; Phaeophyceae - chemistry ; Pharmacognosy. Homeopathy. Health food ; Pharmacology. Drug treatments ; PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS ; Phenols - isolation & purification ; Phenols - pharmacology ; PLANT EXTRACTS ; POLISACARIDOS ; POLYHOLOSIDE ; Polymers - isolation & purification ; Polymers - pharmacology ; Polyphenols ; POLYSACCHARIDES ; Polysaccharides - isolation & purification ; Polysaccharides - pharmacology ; PROPIEDADES ANTIMICROBIANAS ; PROPRIETE ANTIMICROBIENNE ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; TERAPEUTICA MEDICAMENTOSA ; THERAPEUTIQUE MEDICAMENTEUSE</subject><ispartof>Journal of natural products (Washington, D.C.), 1993-04, Vol.56 (4), p.478-488</ispartof><rights>1993 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a468t-99b3dfd73da342c3491c3895fc48d4916b87d71ba682f2e7402c9159e6196b883</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/np50094a005$$EPDF$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50094a005$$EHTML$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,2754,27059,27907,27908,56721,56771</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=4745515$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7684438$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Béress, Anne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wassermann, Otmar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bruhn, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Béress, László</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kraiselburd, Edmundo N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gonzalez, Luz Virginia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Motta, Gladys E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chavez, Pedro I</creatorcontrib><title>A New Procedure for the Isolation of Anti-HIV Compounds (Polysaccharides and Polyphenols) from the Marine Alga Fucus vesiculosus</title><title>Journal of natural products (Washington, D.C.)</title><addtitle>J. Nat. Prod</addtitle><description>Anti-HIV-active polysaccharides and polyphenols were isolated from the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus by hot H2O extraction of both the intact and the homogenized algae. This was followed by XAD2 chromatography and by sequential precipitation of the non-adsorbed compounds with glacial HOAc and thereafter with EtOH. The precipitate was solubilized, dialyzed against distilled H2O, and chromatographed on SP-Sephadex C25 and on QAE-Sephadex A25. This was followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G50 and Sephadex G100 and finally by hplc on a Shodex Ionpak S-804 column. For comparison, the commercial product fucoidan, a sulfated algal polysaccharide, was also further purified by the chromatographic techniques mentioned above. The isolated freeze-dried fractions obtained by these procedures were tested for inhibition of both HIV-induced syncytium formation and HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme activity. Some of these fractions inhibited both of these activities at concentrations that were not cytotoxic.</description><subject>ALGAE</subject><subject>ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES</subject><subject>Antiviral Agents - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Antiviral Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>ANTIVIRAL PROPERTIES</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>BROWN SEAWEEDS</subject><subject>Centrifugation</subject><subject>Chromatography, Gel</subject><subject>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid</subject><subject>Chromatography, Ion Exchange</subject><subject>COMPOSE PHENOLIQUE</subject><subject>COMPUESTOS FENOLICOS</subject><subject>DRUG THERAPY</subject><subject>EXTRACTOS VEGETALES</subject><subject>EXTRAIT D'ORIGINE VEGETALE</subject><subject>Exudates and Transudates - chemistry</subject><subject>Flavonoids</subject><subject>General pharmacology</subject><subject>GENERO HUMANO</subject><subject>GENRE HUMAIN</subject><subject>HERPETOVIRIDAE</subject><subject>HIV - drug effects</subject><subject>HIV - enzymology</subject><subject>HIV Reverse Transcriptase</subject><subject>HIV-1 - enzymology</subject><subject>HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>MANKIND</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>PHAEOPHYCEAE</subject><subject>Phaeophyceae - chemistry</subject><subject>Pharmacognosy. Homeopathy. Health food</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>Phenols - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Phenols - pharmacology</subject><subject>PLANT EXTRACTS</subject><subject>POLISACARIDOS</subject><subject>POLYHOLOSIDE</subject><subject>Polymers - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Polymers - pharmacology</subject><subject>Polyphenols</subject><subject>POLYSACCHARIDES</subject><subject>Polysaccharides - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Polysaccharides - pharmacology</subject><subject>PROPIEDADES ANTIMICROBIANAS</subject><subject>PROPRIETE ANTIMICROBIENNE</subject><subject>RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase</subject><subject>TERAPEUTICA MEDICAMENTOSA</subject><subject>THERAPEUTIQUE MEDICAMENTEUSE</subject><issn>0163-3864</issn><issn>1520-6025</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1993</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNptkM1rFDEYh4Moda2evAlCDoIVGU0mH5Mcl7F1V6outlXwErL56E47OxmSGbU3_3SzzrJ48PTyvs_Dj5cfAE8xeoNRid92PUNIUo0QuwdmmJWo4Khk98EMYU4KIjh9CB6ldIMQIkiyI3BUcUEpETPwew4_uZ9wFYNxdowO-hDhsHFwmUKrhyZ0MHg474amWCy_wjps-zB2NsGTVWjvkjZmo2NjXYK6s3B36zeuC216BX0M279RH7PROThvrzU8G82Y4A-XGjO2IY3pMXjgdZvck_08Bldnp5f1ojj__H5Zz88LTbkYCinXxHpbEasJLQ2hEhsiJPOGCpsXvhaVrfBac1H60lUUlUZiJh3HMjNBjsHrKdfEkFJ0XvWx2ep4pzBSuxrVPzVm-_lk9-N66-zB3feW-Ys918no1kfdmSYdNFpRxvAuppi0Jg3u1wHreKt4RSqmLlcXStZfPnz7vnin6uw_m3yvg9LXMUdeXUiKBRVlhi8nqE1SN2GMXe7rv9__AYtinew</recordid><startdate>19930401</startdate><enddate>19930401</enddate><creator>Béress, Anne</creator><creator>Wassermann, Otmar</creator><creator>Bruhn, Thomas</creator><creator>Béress, László</creator><creator>Kraiselburd, Edmundo N</creator><creator>Gonzalez, Luz Virginia</creator><creator>de Motta, Gladys E</creator><creator>Chavez, Pedro I</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><general>American Society of Pharmacognosy</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19930401</creationdate><title>A New Procedure for the Isolation of Anti-HIV Compounds (Polysaccharides and Polyphenols) from the Marine Alga Fucus vesiculosus</title><author>Béress, Anne ; Wassermann, Otmar ; Bruhn, Thomas ; Béress, László ; Kraiselburd, Edmundo N ; Gonzalez, Luz Virginia ; de Motta, Gladys E ; Chavez, Pedro I</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a468t-99b3dfd73da342c3491c3895fc48d4916b87d71ba682f2e7402c9159e6196b883</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1993</creationdate><topic>ALGAE</topic><topic>ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES</topic><topic>Antiviral Agents - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Antiviral Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>ANTIVIRAL PROPERTIES</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>BROWN SEAWEEDS</topic><topic>Centrifugation</topic><topic>Chromatography, Gel</topic><topic>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid</topic><topic>Chromatography, Ion Exchange</topic><topic>COMPOSE PHENOLIQUE</topic><topic>COMPUESTOS FENOLICOS</topic><topic>DRUG THERAPY</topic><topic>EXTRACTOS VEGETALES</topic><topic>EXTRAIT D'ORIGINE VEGETALE</topic><topic>Exudates and Transudates - chemistry</topic><topic>Flavonoids</topic><topic>General pharmacology</topic><topic>GENERO HUMANO</topic><topic>GENRE HUMAIN</topic><topic>HERPETOVIRIDAE</topic><topic>HIV - drug effects</topic><topic>HIV - enzymology</topic><topic>HIV Reverse Transcriptase</topic><topic>HIV-1 - enzymology</topic><topic>HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>MANKIND</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>PHAEOPHYCEAE</topic><topic>Phaeophyceae - chemistry</topic><topic>Pharmacognosy. Homeopathy. Health food</topic><topic>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</topic><topic>PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS</topic><topic>Phenols - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Phenols - pharmacology</topic><topic>PLANT EXTRACTS</topic><topic>POLISACARIDOS</topic><topic>POLYHOLOSIDE</topic><topic>Polymers - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Polymers - pharmacology</topic><topic>Polyphenols</topic><topic>POLYSACCHARIDES</topic><topic>Polysaccharides - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Polysaccharides - pharmacology</topic><topic>PROPIEDADES ANTIMICROBIANAS</topic><topic>PROPRIETE ANTIMICROBIENNE</topic><topic>RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase</topic><topic>TERAPEUTICA MEDICAMENTOSA</topic><topic>THERAPEUTIQUE MEDICAMENTEUSE</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Béress, Anne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wassermann, Otmar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bruhn, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Béress, László</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kraiselburd, Edmundo N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gonzalez, Luz Virginia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Motta, Gladys E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chavez, Pedro I</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Journal of natural products (Washington, D.C.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Béress, Anne</au><au>Wassermann, Otmar</au><au>Bruhn, Thomas</au><au>Béress, László</au><au>Kraiselburd, Edmundo N</au><au>Gonzalez, Luz Virginia</au><au>de Motta, Gladys E</au><au>Chavez, Pedro I</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A New Procedure for the Isolation of Anti-HIV Compounds (Polysaccharides and Polyphenols) from the Marine Alga Fucus vesiculosus</atitle><jtitle>Journal of natural products (Washington, D.C.)</jtitle><addtitle>J. Nat. Prod</addtitle><date>1993-04-01</date><risdate>1993</risdate><volume>56</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>478</spage><epage>488</epage><pages>478-488</pages><issn>0163-3864</issn><eissn>1520-6025</eissn><coden>JNPRDF</coden><abstract>Anti-HIV-active polysaccharides and polyphenols were isolated from the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus by hot H2O extraction of both the intact and the homogenized algae. This was followed by XAD2 chromatography and by sequential precipitation of the non-adsorbed compounds with glacial HOAc and thereafter with EtOH. The precipitate was solubilized, dialyzed against distilled H2O, and chromatographed on SP-Sephadex C25 and on QAE-Sephadex A25. This was followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G50 and Sephadex G100 and finally by hplc on a Shodex Ionpak S-804 column. For comparison, the commercial product fucoidan, a sulfated algal polysaccharide, was also further purified by the chromatographic techniques mentioned above. The isolated freeze-dried fractions obtained by these procedures were tested for inhibition of both HIV-induced syncytium formation and HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme activity. Some of these fractions inhibited both of these activities at concentrations that were not cytotoxic.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><cop>Glendale, AZ</cop><pub>American Chemical Society</pub><pmid>7684438</pmid><doi>10.1021/np50094a005</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0163-3864 |
| ispartof | Journal of natural products (Washington, D.C.), 1993-04, Vol.56 (4), p.478-488 |
| issn | 0163-3864 1520-6025 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_crossref_primary_10_1021_np50094a005 |
| source | MEDLINE; ACS Publications |
| subjects | ALGAE ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES Antiviral Agents - isolation & purification Antiviral Agents - pharmacology ANTIVIRAL PROPERTIES Biological and medical sciences BROWN SEAWEEDS Centrifugation Chromatography, Gel Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Chromatography, Ion Exchange COMPOSE PHENOLIQUE COMPUESTOS FENOLICOS DRUG THERAPY EXTRACTOS VEGETALES EXTRAIT D'ORIGINE VEGETALE Exudates and Transudates - chemistry Flavonoids General pharmacology GENERO HUMANO GENRE HUMAIN HERPETOVIRIDAE HIV - drug effects HIV - enzymology HIV Reverse Transcriptase HIV-1 - enzymology HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS Humans MANKIND Medical sciences PHAEOPHYCEAE Phaeophyceae - chemistry Pharmacognosy. Homeopathy. Health food Pharmacology. Drug treatments PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS Phenols - isolation & purification Phenols - pharmacology PLANT EXTRACTS POLISACARIDOS POLYHOLOSIDE Polymers - isolation & purification Polymers - pharmacology Polyphenols POLYSACCHARIDES Polysaccharides - isolation & purification Polysaccharides - pharmacology PROPIEDADES ANTIMICROBIANAS PROPRIETE ANTIMICROBIENNE RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase TERAPEUTICA MEDICAMENTOSA THERAPEUTIQUE MEDICAMENTEUSE |
| title | A New Procedure for the Isolation of Anti-HIV Compounds (Polysaccharides and Polyphenols) from the Marine Alga Fucus vesiculosus |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-16T14%3A53%3A05IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-istex_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A%20New%20Procedure%20for%20the%20Isolation%20of%20Anti-HIV%20Compounds%20(Polysaccharides%20and%20Polyphenols)%20from%20the%20Marine%20Alga%20Fucus%20vesiculosus&rft.jtitle=Journal%20of%20natural%20products%20(Washington,%20D.C.)&rft.au=B%C3%A9ress,%20Anne&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=478&rft.epage=488&rft.pages=478-488&rft.issn=0163-3864&rft.eissn=1520-6025&rft.coden=JNPRDF&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021/np50094a005&rft_dat=%3Cistex_cross%3Eark_67375_TPS_9CRJWZHD_C%3C/istex_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_id=info:pmid/7684438&rfr_iscdi=true |