Cycloadditions on Diamond (100) 2 × 1:  Observation of Lowered Electron Affinity due to Hydrocarbon Adsorption

The adsorption of allyl alcohol, acrylic acid, and allyl chloride, as well as unsaturated organic molecules such as acetylene and 1,3 butadiene, on reconstructed diamond (100) 2 × 1 have been investigated using high-resolution electron energy loss (HREELS) spectroscopy and synchrotron radiation spectroscopy. The cycloadditions of these organic molecules produce chemically adsorbed adlayers with varying degree of coverages on the clean diamond. The organic adsorbed surface has a lowered electron affinity and shows a secondary electron yield that varies between 12 and 40% of the yield obtained from a fully hydrogenated diamond surface. The diamond surface can be functionalized with hydroxyl, carboxylic, and chlorine functionalities by the adsorption of these allyl organics. The [2 + 2] adduct of acetylene on the diamond (100) 2 × 1 surface can be observed. 1,3-Butadiene attains a higher coverage as well as forms a thermally more stable adlayer on the diamond surface compared to the other organic molecules, due to its ability to undergo [4 + 2] cycloaddition.