Dipeptide Boronic Acid Inhibitors of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV: Determinants of Potency and in Vivo Efficacy and Safety

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV; E.C. 3.4.14.5), a serine protease that degrades the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP, is now a validated target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Dipeptide boronic acids, among the first, and still among the most potent DPP-IV inhibitors known, suffer from a conce...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Journal of medicinal chemistry 2008-10, Vol.51 (19), p.6005-6013
Hauptverfasser: Connolly, Beth A, Sanford, David G, Chiluwal, Amrita K, Healey, Sarah E, Peters, Diane E, Dimare, Matthew T, Wu, Wengen, Liu, Yuxin, Maw, Hlaing, Zhou, Yuhong, Li, Youhua, Jin, Zhiping, Sudmeier, James L, Lai, Jack H, Bachovchin, William W
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 6013
container_issue 19
container_start_page 6005
container_title Journal of medicinal chemistry
container_volume 51
creator Connolly, Beth A
Sanford, David G
Chiluwal, Amrita K
Healey, Sarah E
Peters, Diane E
Dimare, Matthew T
Wu, Wengen
Liu, Yuxin
Maw, Hlaing
Zhou, Yuhong
Li, Youhua
Jin, Zhiping
Sudmeier, James L
Lai, Jack H
Bachovchin, William W
description Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV; E.C. 3.4.14.5), a serine protease that degrades the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP, is now a validated target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Dipeptide boronic acids, among the first, and still among the most potent DPP-IV inhibitors known, suffer from a concern over their safety. Here we evaluate the potency, in vivo efficacy, and safety of a selected set of these inhibitors. The adverse effects induced by boronic acid-based DPP-IV inhibitors are essentially limited to what has been observed previously for non-boronic acid inhibitors and attributed to cross-reactivity with DPP8/9. While consistent with the DPP8/9 hypothesis, they are also consistent with cross-reactivity with some other intracellular target. The results further show that the potency of simple dipeptide boronic acid-based inhibitors can be combined with selectivity against DPP8/9 in vivo to produce agents with a relatively wide therapeutic index (>500) in rodents.
doi_str_mv 10.1021/jm800390n
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>istex_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_crossref_primary_10_1021_jm800390n</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>ark_67375_TPS_ZRW5749L_9</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-a381t-575dfca0b07f7667df83d62823177eb2246a74d614e51d60136e561eca34886a3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpt0EtLAzEQB_AgitbHwS8guXjwsJrHbpJ6822hYPEJXsI0D0xtsyXZiv32rrbWi6cZZn4Mwx-hfUqOKWH0ZDRRhPAuiWuoQytGilKRch11CGGsYILxLbSd84i0iDK-ibaokoozQjtodhmmbtoE6_B5neoYDD4zweJefAvD0NQp49rjXzQf48FPA9nh3vMpvnSNS5MQITY_cFA3Lpo5hmhxiPg5fNT4yvtgYDl8AO-a-S7a8DDObm9Zd9DT9dXjxW3Rv7vpXZz1C-CKNkUlK-sNkCGRXgohrVfcCqYYp1K6IWOlAFlaQUtXUSsI5cJVgjoDvFRKAN9BR4u7JtU5J-f1NIUJpLmmRH9Hp1fRtfZgYaez4cTZP7nMqgWHSwDZwNgniCbklWNElkKW3dYVCxdy4z5Xe0jvWkguK_04eNCv9y9Vi_u6-3cXTNajepZiG8k_D34BHGGQvA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype></control><display><type>article</type><title>Dipeptide Boronic Acid Inhibitors of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV: Determinants of Potency and in Vivo Efficacy and Safety</title><source>ACS Publications</source><source>MEDLINE</source><creator>Connolly, Beth A ; Sanford, David G ; Chiluwal, Amrita K ; Healey, Sarah E ; Peters, Diane E ; Dimare, Matthew T ; Wu, Wengen ; Liu, Yuxin ; Maw, Hlaing ; Zhou, Yuhong ; Li, Youhua ; Jin, Zhiping ; Sudmeier, James L ; Lai, Jack H ; Bachovchin, William W</creator><creatorcontrib>Connolly, Beth A ; Sanford, David G ; Chiluwal, Amrita K ; Healey, Sarah E ; Peters, Diane E ; Dimare, Matthew T ; Wu, Wengen ; Liu, Yuxin ; Maw, Hlaing ; Zhou, Yuhong ; Li, Youhua ; Jin, Zhiping ; Sudmeier, James L ; Lai, Jack H ; Bachovchin, William W</creatorcontrib><description>Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV; E.C. 3.4.14.5), a serine protease that degrades the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP, is now a validated target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Dipeptide boronic acids, among the first, and still among the most potent DPP-IV inhibitors known, suffer from a concern over their safety. Here we evaluate the potency, in vivo efficacy, and safety of a selected set of these inhibitors. The adverse effects induced by boronic acid-based DPP-IV inhibitors are essentially limited to what has been observed previously for non-boronic acid inhibitors and attributed to cross-reactivity with DPP8/9. While consistent with the DPP8/9 hypothesis, they are also consistent with cross-reactivity with some other intracellular target. The results further show that the potency of simple dipeptide boronic acid-based inhibitors can be combined with selectivity against DPP8/9 in vivo to produce agents with a relatively wide therapeutic index (&gt;500) in rodents.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-2623</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-4804</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/jm800390n</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18783201</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JMCMAR</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Columbus, OH: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject><![CDATA[Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood Glucose - analysis ; Blood Glucose - metabolism ; Boronic Acids - administration & dosage ; Boronic Acids - chemistry ; Boronic Acids - pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Dipeptides - administration & dosage ; Dipeptides - chemistry ; Dipeptides - pharmacology ; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 - blood ; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 - isolation & purification ; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors ; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases - antagonists & inhibitors ; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases - biosynthesis ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Female ; General and cellular metabolism. Vitamins ; Glucose - administration & dosage ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Conformation ; Peptide Library ; Pharmacology. Drug treatments ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors - administration & dosage ; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors - chemistry ; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors - pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Substrate Specificity ; Time Factors]]></subject><ispartof>Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2008-10, Vol.51 (19), p.6005-6013</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2008 American Chemical Society</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a381t-575dfca0b07f7667df83d62823177eb2246a74d614e51d60136e561eca34886a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a381t-575dfca0b07f7667df83d62823177eb2246a74d614e51d60136e561eca34886a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jm800390n$$EPDF$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm800390n$$EHTML$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,2752,27053,27901,27902,56713,56763</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&amp;idt=20746749$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18783201$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Connolly, Beth A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sanford, David G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chiluwal, Amrita K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Healey, Sarah E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peters, Diane E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dimare, Matthew T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Wengen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yuxin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maw, Hlaing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Yuhong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Youhua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jin, Zhiping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sudmeier, James L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lai, Jack H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bachovchin, William W</creatorcontrib><title>Dipeptide Boronic Acid Inhibitors of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV: Determinants of Potency and in Vivo Efficacy and Safety</title><title>Journal of medicinal chemistry</title><addtitle>J. Med. Chem</addtitle><description>Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV; E.C. 3.4.14.5), a serine protease that degrades the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP, is now a validated target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Dipeptide boronic acids, among the first, and still among the most potent DPP-IV inhibitors known, suffer from a concern over their safety. Here we evaluate the potency, in vivo efficacy, and safety of a selected set of these inhibitors. The adverse effects induced by boronic acid-based DPP-IV inhibitors are essentially limited to what has been observed previously for non-boronic acid inhibitors and attributed to cross-reactivity with DPP8/9. While consistent with the DPP8/9 hypothesis, they are also consistent with cross-reactivity with some other intracellular target. The results further show that the potency of simple dipeptide boronic acid-based inhibitors can be combined with selectivity against DPP8/9 in vivo to produce agents with a relatively wide therapeutic index (&gt;500) in rodents.</description><subject>Administration, Oral</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood Glucose - analysis</subject><subject>Blood Glucose - metabolism</subject><subject>Boronic Acids - administration &amp; dosage</subject><subject>Boronic Acids - chemistry</subject><subject>Boronic Acids - pharmacology</subject><subject>Cell Line</subject><subject>Cloning, Molecular</subject><subject>Dipeptides - administration &amp; dosage</subject><subject>Dipeptides - chemistry</subject><subject>Dipeptides - pharmacology</subject><subject>Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 - blood</subject><subject>Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 - isolation &amp; purification</subject><subject>Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors</subject><subject>Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases - antagonists &amp; inhibitors</subject><subject>Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Drug Evaluation, Preclinical</subject><subject>Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>General and cellular metabolism. Vitamins</subject><subject>Glucose - administration &amp; dosage</subject><subject>Glucose Tolerance Test</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred C57BL</subject><subject>Molecular Conformation</subject><subject>Peptide Library</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><subject>Serine Proteinase Inhibitors - administration &amp; dosage</subject><subject>Serine Proteinase Inhibitors - chemistry</subject><subject>Serine Proteinase Inhibitors - pharmacology</subject><subject>Structure-Activity Relationship</subject><subject>Substrate Specificity</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><issn>0022-2623</issn><issn>1520-4804</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpt0EtLAzEQB_AgitbHwS8guXjwsJrHbpJ6822hYPEJXsI0D0xtsyXZiv32rrbWi6cZZn4Mwx-hfUqOKWH0ZDRRhPAuiWuoQytGilKRch11CGGsYILxLbSd84i0iDK-ibaokoozQjtodhmmbtoE6_B5neoYDD4zweJefAvD0NQp49rjXzQf48FPA9nh3vMpvnSNS5MQITY_cFA3Lpo5hmhxiPg5fNT4yvtgYDl8AO-a-S7a8DDObm9Zd9DT9dXjxW3Rv7vpXZz1C-CKNkUlK-sNkCGRXgohrVfcCqYYp1K6IWOlAFlaQUtXUSsI5cJVgjoDvFRKAN9BR4u7JtU5J-f1NIUJpLmmRH9Hp1fRtfZgYaez4cTZP7nMqgWHSwDZwNgniCbklWNElkKW3dYVCxdy4z5Xe0jvWkguK_04eNCv9y9Vi_u6-3cXTNajepZiG8k_D34BHGGQvA</recordid><startdate>20081009</startdate><enddate>20081009</enddate><creator>Connolly, Beth A</creator><creator>Sanford, David G</creator><creator>Chiluwal, Amrita K</creator><creator>Healey, Sarah E</creator><creator>Peters, Diane E</creator><creator>Dimare, Matthew T</creator><creator>Wu, Wengen</creator><creator>Liu, Yuxin</creator><creator>Maw, Hlaing</creator><creator>Zhou, Yuhong</creator><creator>Li, Youhua</creator><creator>Jin, Zhiping</creator><creator>Sudmeier, James L</creator><creator>Lai, Jack H</creator><creator>Bachovchin, William W</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20081009</creationdate><title>Dipeptide Boronic Acid Inhibitors of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV: Determinants of Potency and in Vivo Efficacy and Safety</title><author>Connolly, Beth A ; Sanford, David G ; Chiluwal, Amrita K ; Healey, Sarah E ; Peters, Diane E ; Dimare, Matthew T ; Wu, Wengen ; Liu, Yuxin ; Maw, Hlaing ; Zhou, Yuhong ; Li, Youhua ; Jin, Zhiping ; Sudmeier, James L ; Lai, Jack H ; Bachovchin, William W</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a381t-575dfca0b07f7667df83d62823177eb2246a74d614e51d60136e561eca34886a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Administration, Oral</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blood Glucose - analysis</topic><topic>Blood Glucose - metabolism</topic><topic>Boronic Acids - administration &amp; dosage</topic><topic>Boronic Acids - chemistry</topic><topic>Boronic Acids - pharmacology</topic><topic>Cell Line</topic><topic>Cloning, Molecular</topic><topic>Dipeptides - administration &amp; dosage</topic><topic>Dipeptides - chemistry</topic><topic>Dipeptides - pharmacology</topic><topic>Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 - blood</topic><topic>Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 - isolation &amp; purification</topic><topic>Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors</topic><topic>Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases - antagonists &amp; inhibitors</topic><topic>Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</topic><topic>Drug Evaluation, Preclinical</topic><topic>Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>General and cellular metabolism. Vitamins</topic><topic>Glucose - administration &amp; dosage</topic><topic>Glucose Tolerance Test</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Mice, Inbred C57BL</topic><topic>Molecular Conformation</topic><topic>Peptide Library</topic><topic>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</topic><topic>Serine Proteinase Inhibitors - administration &amp; dosage</topic><topic>Serine Proteinase Inhibitors - chemistry</topic><topic>Serine Proteinase Inhibitors - pharmacology</topic><topic>Structure-Activity Relationship</topic><topic>Substrate Specificity</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Connolly, Beth A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sanford, David G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chiluwal, Amrita K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Healey, Sarah E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peters, Diane E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dimare, Matthew T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Wengen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yuxin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maw, Hlaing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Yuhong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Youhua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jin, Zhiping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sudmeier, James L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lai, Jack H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bachovchin, William W</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Journal of medicinal chemistry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Connolly, Beth A</au><au>Sanford, David G</au><au>Chiluwal, Amrita K</au><au>Healey, Sarah E</au><au>Peters, Diane E</au><au>Dimare, Matthew T</au><au>Wu, Wengen</au><au>Liu, Yuxin</au><au>Maw, Hlaing</au><au>Zhou, Yuhong</au><au>Li, Youhua</au><au>Jin, Zhiping</au><au>Sudmeier, James L</au><au>Lai, Jack H</au><au>Bachovchin, William W</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Dipeptide Boronic Acid Inhibitors of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV: Determinants of Potency and in Vivo Efficacy and Safety</atitle><jtitle>Journal of medicinal chemistry</jtitle><addtitle>J. Med. Chem</addtitle><date>2008-10-09</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>51</volume><issue>19</issue><spage>6005</spage><epage>6013</epage><pages>6005-6013</pages><issn>0022-2623</issn><eissn>1520-4804</eissn><coden>JMCMAR</coden><abstract>Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV; E.C. 3.4.14.5), a serine protease that degrades the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP, is now a validated target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Dipeptide boronic acids, among the first, and still among the most potent DPP-IV inhibitors known, suffer from a concern over their safety. Here we evaluate the potency, in vivo efficacy, and safety of a selected set of these inhibitors. The adverse effects induced by boronic acid-based DPP-IV inhibitors are essentially limited to what has been observed previously for non-boronic acid inhibitors and attributed to cross-reactivity with DPP8/9. While consistent with the DPP8/9 hypothesis, they are also consistent with cross-reactivity with some other intracellular target. The results further show that the potency of simple dipeptide boronic acid-based inhibitors can be combined with selectivity against DPP8/9 in vivo to produce agents with a relatively wide therapeutic index (&gt;500) in rodents.</abstract><cop>Columbus, OH</cop><pub>American Chemical Society</pub><pmid>18783201</pmid><doi>10.1021/jm800390n</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0022-2623
ispartof Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2008-10, Vol.51 (19), p.6005-6013
issn 0022-2623
1520-4804
language eng
recordid cdi_crossref_primary_10_1021_jm800390n
source ACS Publications; MEDLINE
subjects Administration, Oral
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Blood Glucose - analysis
Blood Glucose - metabolism
Boronic Acids - administration & dosage
Boronic Acids - chemistry
Boronic Acids - pharmacology
Cell Line
Cloning, Molecular
Dipeptides - administration & dosage
Dipeptides - chemistry
Dipeptides - pharmacology
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 - blood
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 - isolation & purification
Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors
Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases - antagonists & inhibitors
Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases - biosynthesis
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Female
General and cellular metabolism. Vitamins
Glucose - administration & dosage
Glucose Tolerance Test
Humans
Male
Medical sciences
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Molecular Conformation
Peptide Library
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Serine Proteinase Inhibitors - administration & dosage
Serine Proteinase Inhibitors - chemistry
Serine Proteinase Inhibitors - pharmacology
Structure-Activity Relationship
Substrate Specificity
Time Factors
title Dipeptide Boronic Acid Inhibitors of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV: Determinants of Potency and in Vivo Efficacy and Safety
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-09T13%3A29%3A38IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-istex_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Dipeptide%20Boronic%20Acid%20Inhibitors%20of%20Dipeptidyl%20Peptidase%20IV:%20Determinants%20of%20Potency%20and%20in%20Vivo%20Efficacy%20and%20Safety&rft.jtitle=Journal%20of%20medicinal%20chemistry&rft.au=Connolly,%20Beth%20A&rft.date=2008-10-09&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=6005&rft.epage=6013&rft.pages=6005-6013&rft.issn=0022-2623&rft.eissn=1520-4804&rft.coden=JMCMAR&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021/jm800390n&rft_dat=%3Cistex_cross%3Eark_67375_TPS_ZRW5749L_9%3C/istex_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_id=info:pmid/18783201&rfr_iscdi=true