Synthesis of Highly Ordered, Three-Dimensional, Macroporous Structures of Amorphous or Crystalline Inorganic Oxides, Phosphates, and Hybrid Composites

The synthesis of highly ordered macroporous materials has been accomplished in a straightforward, single-step reaction. Inorganic frameworks composed of oxides of Si, Ti, Zr, Al, W, Fe, Sb, and a Zr/Y mixture were formed from metal alkoxide precursors templated around polystyrene (latex) spheres. Mo...

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Veröffentlicht in:Chemistry of materials 1999-03, Vol.11 (3), p.795-805
Hauptverfasser: Holland, Brian T, Blanford, Christopher F, Do, Thang, Stein, Andreas
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container_title Chemistry of materials
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creator Holland, Brian T
Blanford, Christopher F
Do, Thang
Stein, Andreas
description The synthesis of highly ordered macroporous materials has been accomplished in a straightforward, single-step reaction. Inorganic frameworks composed of oxides of Si, Ti, Zr, Al, W, Fe, Sb, and a Zr/Y mixture were formed from metal alkoxide precursors templated around polystyrene (latex) spheres. Monodisperse latex spheres were ordered into close-packed arrays by centrifugation. The interstices between latex spheres were permeated by the alkoxide, which hydrolyzed and condensed. An inorganic framework was formed upon drying. Removal of the latex spheres was accomplished by either calcination at temperatures between 450 and 1000 °C or extraction with a tetrahydrofuran/acetone mixture. The resulting products consisted of periodic, interconnected networks of monodisperse submicron pores extending over hundreds of micrometers. Depending on the technique of template removal, various phases of the inorganic oxide could be formed. For example, in the case of titania, an amorphous phase was formed upon extraction of TiO2 and anatase by calcination at 450 °C. The synthesis has also been expanded to other compositions including aluminophosphates and hybrid organosilicates, as well as silicates with bimodal distributions of meso- and macropores. The materials presented in this paper show the diversity of macroporous materials achievable with this technique. These structures could potentially find applications as chromatographic support materials, solid catalysts, battery materials, thermal insulators, or photonic crystals.
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source American Chemical Society Journals
subjects Applied sciences
Exact sciences and technology
Organic polymers
Physicochemistry of polymers
Polymers with particular structures
Preparation, kinetics, thermodynamics, mechanism and catalysts
title Synthesis of Highly Ordered, Three-Dimensional, Macroporous Structures of Amorphous or Crystalline Inorganic Oxides, Phosphates, and Hybrid Composites
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