Biodegradation of Lactic Acid Based Polymers under Controlled Composting Conditions and Evaluation of the Ecotoxicological Impact
The biodegradability of lactic acid based polymers was studied under controlled composting conditions (CEN prEN 14046), and the quality of the compost was evaluated. Poly(lactic acids), poly(ester-urethanes), and poly(ester-amide) were synthesized and the effects of different structure units were in...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Biomacromolecules 2002-05, Vol.3 (3), p.445-455 |
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| container_title | Biomacromolecules |
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| creator | Tuominen, Jukka Kylmä, Janne Kapanen, Anu Venelampi, Olli Itävaara, Merja Seppälä, Jukka |
| description | The biodegradability of lactic acid based polymers was studied under controlled composting conditions (CEN prEN 14046), and the quality of the compost was evaluated. Poly(lactic acids), poly(ester-urethanes), and poly(ester-amide) were synthesized and the effects of different structure units were investigated. The ecotoxicological impact of compost samples was evaluated by biotests, i.e., by the Flash test, measuring the inhibition of light production of Vibrio fischeri, and by plant growth tests with cress, radish, and barley. All the polymers biodegraded to over 90% of the positive control in 6 months, which is the limit set by the CEN standard. Toxicity was detected in poly(ester-urethane) samples where chain linking of lactic acid oligomers had been carried out with 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI). Both the Flash test and the plant growth tests indicated equal response to initial HMDI concentration in the polymer. All other polymers, including poly(ester-urethane) chain linked with 1,4-butane diisocyanate, showed no toxicological effect. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/bm0101522 |
| format | Article |
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Poly(lactic acids), poly(ester-urethanes), and poly(ester-amide) were synthesized and the effects of different structure units were investigated. The ecotoxicological impact of compost samples was evaluated by biotests, i.e., by the Flash test, measuring the inhibition of light production of Vibrio fischeri, and by plant growth tests with cress, radish, and barley. All the polymers biodegraded to over 90% of the positive control in 6 months, which is the limit set by the CEN standard. Toxicity was detected in poly(ester-urethane) samples where chain linking of lactic acid oligomers had been carried out with 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI). Both the Flash test and the plant growth tests indicated equal response to initial HMDI concentration in the polymer. All other polymers, including poly(ester-urethane) chain linked with 1,4-butane diisocyanate, showed no toxicological effect.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1525-7797</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1526-4602</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/bm0101522</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12005513</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>Biodegradation, Environmental ; Cross-Linking Reagents - toxicity ; Cyanates - toxicity ; Hazardous Substances - metabolism ; Hazardous Substances - toxicity ; Isocyanates ; Lactic Acid - metabolism ; Lactic Acid - toxicity ; Nylons - metabolism ; Nylons - toxicity ; Plants, Edible - drug effects ; Plants, Edible - growth & development ; Polyesters ; Polymers - chemistry ; Polymers - metabolism ; Polymers - toxicity ; Polyurethanes - metabolism ; Polyurethanes - toxicity ; Toxicity Tests ; Vibrio - drug effects</subject><ispartof>Biomacromolecules, 2002-05, Vol.3 (3), p.445-455</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2002 American Chemical Society</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a311t-fc6f8f267e4fd2aad6779cf373eedbc693dd6a9481243bc16ef8e073db55e1423</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a311t-fc6f8f267e4fd2aad6779cf373eedbc693dd6a9481243bc16ef8e073db55e1423</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/bm0101522$$EPDF$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bm0101522$$EHTML$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,2765,27076,27924,27925,56738,56788</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12005513$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tuominen, Jukka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kylmä, Janne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kapanen, Anu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Venelampi, Olli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Itävaara, Merja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seppälä, Jukka</creatorcontrib><title>Biodegradation of Lactic Acid Based Polymers under Controlled Composting Conditions and Evaluation of the Ecotoxicological Impact</title><title>Biomacromolecules</title><addtitle>Biomacromolecules</addtitle><description>The biodegradability of lactic acid based polymers was studied under controlled composting conditions (CEN prEN 14046), and the quality of the compost was evaluated. Poly(lactic acids), poly(ester-urethanes), and poly(ester-amide) were synthesized and the effects of different structure units were investigated. The ecotoxicological impact of compost samples was evaluated by biotests, i.e., by the Flash test, measuring the inhibition of light production of Vibrio fischeri, and by plant growth tests with cress, radish, and barley. All the polymers biodegraded to over 90% of the positive control in 6 months, which is the limit set by the CEN standard. Toxicity was detected in poly(ester-urethane) samples where chain linking of lactic acid oligomers had been carried out with 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI). Both the Flash test and the plant growth tests indicated equal response to initial HMDI concentration in the polymer. 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Poly(lactic acids), poly(ester-urethanes), and poly(ester-amide) were synthesized and the effects of different structure units were investigated. The ecotoxicological impact of compost samples was evaluated by biotests, i.e., by the Flash test, measuring the inhibition of light production of Vibrio fischeri, and by plant growth tests with cress, radish, and barley. All the polymers biodegraded to over 90% of the positive control in 6 months, which is the limit set by the CEN standard. Toxicity was detected in poly(ester-urethane) samples where chain linking of lactic acid oligomers had been carried out with 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI). Both the Flash test and the plant growth tests indicated equal response to initial HMDI concentration in the polymer. 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| ispartof | Biomacromolecules, 2002-05, Vol.3 (3), p.445-455 |
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| source | MEDLINE; American Chemical Society (ACS) Journals |
| subjects | Biodegradation, Environmental Cross-Linking Reagents - toxicity Cyanates - toxicity Hazardous Substances - metabolism Hazardous Substances - toxicity Isocyanates Lactic Acid - metabolism Lactic Acid - toxicity Nylons - metabolism Nylons - toxicity Plants, Edible - drug effects Plants, Edible - growth & development Polyesters Polymers - chemistry Polymers - metabolism Polymers - toxicity Polyurethanes - metabolism Polyurethanes - toxicity Toxicity Tests Vibrio - drug effects |
| title | Biodegradation of Lactic Acid Based Polymers under Controlled Composting Conditions and Evaluation of the Ecotoxicological Impact |
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