The Expanding Role of Chemistry in Optimizing Proteins for Human Health Applications: Miniperspective

Over the past decades, therapeutics based on biological macromolecules and cells have successfully entered the clinical arena and progressively occupied an increasing share of what once was almost exclusively small molecule territory. This perspective explores the opportunities for chemists at the interface between biologics and small molecule-based products. It provides concrete examples by zooming in on the area of post-translational protein modification. The conclusion is that, rather than diminishing the relevance of chemistry in the pharmaceutical enterprise, the advent of the biologics has provided an additional playing field for synthetic and medicinal chemists, where they can contribute to the efficacy and scope of applicability of biological entities in a collaborative effort to transformatively address unmet medical needs.