Comparison of Detection Methods of Microplastics in Landfill Mineralized Refuse and Selection of Degradation Degree Indexes
A landfill is an important sink of plastic waste and potential sources of microplastics (MPs) when mineralized refuse is reused. However, limitations are still present in quantifying MPs in mineralized refuse and assessing their degradation degree. In this study, laser direct infrared spectroscopy a...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science & technology 2021-10, Vol.55 (20), p.13802-13811 |
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| creator | Zhang, Ying Peng, Yawen Peng, Chu Wang, Ping Lu, Yuan He, Xiaosong Wang, Lei |
| description | A landfill is an important sink of plastic waste and potential sources of microplastics (MPs) when mineralized refuse is reused. However, limitations are still present in quantifying MPs in mineralized refuse and assessing their degradation degree. In this study, laser direct infrared spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used to identify MPs of mineralized refuse from a landfill. Although 25–113 items/g MPs were detected in particles subjected to flotation, 37.9–674 μg/g polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and 0.0716–1.01 μg/g polycarbonate (PC) were detected in the residual solids by LC-MS/MS, indicating a great amount of plastic polymers still presented in the residue. This suggests that the commonly used flotation-counting method will lead to significant underestimation of MP pollution in mineralized refuse, which might be due to the aging and aggregation process caused by the long-term landfill process. The ratio of “bisphenol A/PC” and “plasticizer/MPs” was found to be positively correlated and negatively correlated with the landfill age, respectively. Therefore, in addition to the spectral index such as the carbonyl index, new indexes based on the concentrations of polymers, free monomers, and plasticizers were proposed to characterize the degradation degree of MPs in a landfill. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/acs.est.1c02772 |
| format | Article |
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However, limitations are still present in quantifying MPs in mineralized refuse and assessing their degradation degree. In this study, laser direct infrared spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used to identify MPs of mineralized refuse from a landfill. Although 25–113 items/g MPs were detected in particles subjected to flotation, 37.9–674 μg/g polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and 0.0716–1.01 μg/g polycarbonate (PC) were detected in the residual solids by LC-MS/MS, indicating a great amount of plastic polymers still presented in the residue. This suggests that the commonly used flotation-counting method will lead to significant underestimation of MP pollution in mineralized refuse, which might be due to the aging and aggregation process caused by the long-term landfill process. The ratio of “bisphenol A/PC” and “plasticizer/MPs” was found to be positively correlated and negatively correlated with the landfill age, respectively. Therefore, in addition to the spectral index such as the carbonyl index, new indexes based on the concentrations of polymers, free monomers, and plasticizers were proposed to characterize the degradation degree of MPs in a landfill.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-936X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-5851</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02772</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34586798</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>WASHINGTON: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>Aging ; Bisphenol A ; Carbonyl compounds ; Carbonyls ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Contaminants in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments ; Degradation ; Engineering ; Engineering, Environmental ; Environmental Monitoring ; Environmental Sciences ; Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Flotation ; Infrared lasers ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Landfill ; Landfills ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine ; Liquid chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass spectroscopy ; Microplastics ; Mineralization ; Monomers ; Plastic debris ; Plastic pollution ; Plasticizers ; Plastics - analysis ; Polycarbonate ; Polyethylene ; Polyethylene terephthalate ; Polymers ; Refuse ; Science & Technology ; Solid wastes ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Technology ; Waste Disposal Facilities ; Waste disposal sites ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</subject><ispartof>Environmental science & technology, 2021-10, Vol.55 (20), p.13802-13811</ispartof><rights>2021 American Chemical Society</rights><rights>Copyright American Chemical Society Oct 19, 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>60</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000710453500040</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a427t-a20c931e39f09ae567b956256741d02f15a43c6ebd7d0c1f578e736f07bff2383</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a427t-a20c931e39f09ae567b956256741d02f15a43c6ebd7d0c1f578e736f07bff2383</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-7447-4848 ; 0000-0002-8193-9954</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.1c02772$$EPDF$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.1c02772$$EHTML$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,2766,27081,27929,27930,39263,56743,56793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34586798$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peng, Yawen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peng, Chu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Ping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Yuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Xiaosong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Lei</creatorcontrib><title>Comparison of Detection Methods of Microplastics in Landfill Mineralized Refuse and Selection of Degradation Degree Indexes</title><title>Environmental science & technology</title><addtitle>ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL</addtitle><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><description>A landfill is an important sink of plastic waste and potential sources of microplastics (MPs) when mineralized refuse is reused. However, limitations are still present in quantifying MPs in mineralized refuse and assessing their degradation degree. In this study, laser direct infrared spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used to identify MPs of mineralized refuse from a landfill. Although 25–113 items/g MPs were detected in particles subjected to flotation, 37.9–674 μg/g polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and 0.0716–1.01 μg/g polycarbonate (PC) were detected in the residual solids by LC-MS/MS, indicating a great amount of plastic polymers still presented in the residue. This suggests that the commonly used flotation-counting method will lead to significant underestimation of MP pollution in mineralized refuse, which might be due to the aging and aggregation process caused by the long-term landfill process. The ratio of “bisphenol A/PC” and “plasticizer/MPs” was found to be positively correlated and negatively correlated with the landfill age, respectively. Therefore, in addition to the spectral index such as the carbonyl index, new indexes based on the concentrations of polymers, free monomers, and plasticizers were proposed to characterize the degradation degree of MPs in a landfill.</description><subject>Aging</subject><subject>Bisphenol A</subject><subject>Carbonyl compounds</subject><subject>Carbonyls</subject><subject>Chromatography, Liquid</subject><subject>Contaminants in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments</subject><subject>Degradation</subject><subject>Engineering</subject><subject>Engineering, Environmental</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Environmental Sciences & Ecology</subject><subject>Flotation</subject><subject>Infrared lasers</subject><subject>Infrared spectroscopy</subject><subject>Landfill</subject><subject>Landfills</subject><subject>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</subject><subject>Liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Mass spectroscopy</subject><subject>Microplastics</subject><subject>Mineralization</subject><subject>Monomers</subject><subject>Plastic debris</subject><subject>Plastic pollution</subject><subject>Plasticizers</subject><subject>Plastics - analysis</subject><subject>Polycarbonate</subject><subject>Polyethylene</subject><subject>Polyethylene terephthalate</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Refuse</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Solid wastes</subject><subject>Tandem Mass Spectrometry</subject><subject>Technology</subject><subject>Waste Disposal Facilities</subject><subject>Waste disposal sites</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</subject><issn>0013-936X</issn><issn>1520-5851</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>HGBXW</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkU1v1DAQhi0EokvhzA1F4oiyHdtx7BxRgFJpK6QCErfIscfgKhsvdiI--udxdpflhNTTzHie-XpNyHMKawqMXmiT1pimNTXApGQPyIoKBqVQgj4kKwDKy4bXX87Ik5RuAYBxUI_JGa-EqmWjVuSuDdudjj6FsQiueIMTmsnn4Bqnb8Gm5fHamxh2g06TN6nwY7HRo3V-GHJmxKgH_xttcYNuTljkVPERh2OXfcuvUVu9DxcfsbgaLf7E9JQ8cnpI-Oxoz8nnd28_te_LzYfLq_b1ptQVk1OpGZiGU-SNg0ajqGXfiJplW1ELzFGhK25q7K20YKgTUqHktQPZO8e44ufk5aHvLobvc5aruw1zHPPIjgmlKsmlkJm6OFD52JQium4X_VbHXx2FbhG7y2J3S_VR7Fzx4th37rdoT_xfdTPw6gD8wD64ZDyOBk9Y_g5JoRJcZK-CTKv7062f9pK2YR6nf4OWFU_H_W_vP50sq-I</recordid><startdate>20211019</startdate><enddate>20211019</enddate><creator>Zhang, Ying</creator><creator>Peng, Yawen</creator><creator>Peng, Chu</creator><creator>Wang, Ping</creator><creator>Lu, Yuan</creator><creator>He, Xiaosong</creator><creator>Wang, Lei</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><general>Amer Chemical Soc</general><scope>BLEPL</scope><scope>DTL</scope><scope>HGBXW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7447-4848</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8193-9954</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211019</creationdate><title>Comparison of Detection Methods of Microplastics in Landfill Mineralized Refuse and Selection of Degradation Degree Indexes</title><author>Zhang, Ying ; Peng, Yawen ; Peng, Chu ; Wang, Ping ; Lu, Yuan ; He, Xiaosong ; Wang, Lei</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a427t-a20c931e39f09ae567b956256741d02f15a43c6ebd7d0c1f578e736f07bff2383</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Aging</topic><topic>Bisphenol A</topic><topic>Carbonyl compounds</topic><topic>Carbonyls</topic><topic>Chromatography, Liquid</topic><topic>Contaminants in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments</topic><topic>Degradation</topic><topic>Engineering</topic><topic>Engineering, Environmental</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring</topic><topic>Environmental Sciences</topic><topic>Environmental Sciences & Ecology</topic><topic>Flotation</topic><topic>Infrared lasers</topic><topic>Infrared spectroscopy</topic><topic>Landfill</topic><topic>Landfills</topic><topic>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</topic><topic>Liquid chromatography</topic><topic>Mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Mass spectroscopy</topic><topic>Microplastics</topic><topic>Mineralization</topic><topic>Monomers</topic><topic>Plastic debris</topic><topic>Plastic pollution</topic><topic>Plasticizers</topic><topic>Plastics - analysis</topic><topic>Polycarbonate</topic><topic>Polyethylene</topic><topic>Polyethylene terephthalate</topic><topic>Polymers</topic><topic>Refuse</topic><topic>Science & Technology</topic><topic>Solid wastes</topic><topic>Tandem Mass Spectrometry</topic><topic>Technology</topic><topic>Waste Disposal Facilities</topic><topic>Waste disposal sites</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peng, Yawen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peng, Chu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Ping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Yuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Xiaosong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Lei</creatorcontrib><collection>Web of Science Core Collection</collection><collection>Science Citation Index Expanded</collection><collection>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2021</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zhang, Ying</au><au>Peng, Yawen</au><au>Peng, Chu</au><au>Wang, Ping</au><au>Lu, Yuan</au><au>He, Xiaosong</au><au>Wang, Lei</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Comparison of Detection Methods of Microplastics in Landfill Mineralized Refuse and Selection of Degradation Degree Indexes</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle><stitle>ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL</stitle><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><date>2021-10-19</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>55</volume><issue>20</issue><spage>13802</spage><epage>13811</epage><pages>13802-13811</pages><issn>0013-936X</issn><eissn>1520-5851</eissn><abstract>A landfill is an important sink of plastic waste and potential sources of microplastics (MPs) when mineralized refuse is reused. However, limitations are still present in quantifying MPs in mineralized refuse and assessing their degradation degree. In this study, laser direct infrared spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used to identify MPs of mineralized refuse from a landfill. Although 25–113 items/g MPs were detected in particles subjected to flotation, 37.9–674 μg/g polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and 0.0716–1.01 μg/g polycarbonate (PC) were detected in the residual solids by LC-MS/MS, indicating a great amount of plastic polymers still presented in the residue. This suggests that the commonly used flotation-counting method will lead to significant underestimation of MP pollution in mineralized refuse, which might be due to the aging and aggregation process caused by the long-term landfill process. The ratio of “bisphenol A/PC” and “plasticizer/MPs” was found to be positively correlated and negatively correlated with the landfill age, respectively. Therefore, in addition to the spectral index such as the carbonyl index, new indexes based on the concentrations of polymers, free monomers, and plasticizers were proposed to characterize the degradation degree of MPs in a landfill.</abstract><cop>WASHINGTON</cop><pub>American Chemical Society</pub><pmid>34586798</pmid><doi>10.1021/acs.est.1c02772</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7447-4848</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8193-9954</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aging Bisphenol A Carbonyl compounds Carbonyls Chromatography, Liquid Contaminants in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments Degradation Engineering Engineering, Environmental Environmental Monitoring Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology Flotation Infrared lasers Infrared spectroscopy Landfill Landfills Life Sciences & Biomedicine Liquid chromatography Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Microplastics Mineralization Monomers Plastic debris Plastic pollution Plasticizers Plastics - analysis Polycarbonate Polyethylene Polyethylene terephthalate Polymers Refuse Science & Technology Solid wastes Tandem Mass Spectrometry Technology Waste Disposal Facilities Waste disposal sites Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis |
| title | Comparison of Detection Methods of Microplastics in Landfill Mineralized Refuse and Selection of Degradation Degree Indexes |
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