Review and Perspectives of Emerging Green Technology for the Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide into Value-Added Products: An Intensifying Development

Global warming has emerged as a major problem for humanity in this anthropocentric period. The constantly rising amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere has caused global warming, which has caused a series of changes in the Earth’s climate and weather systems. Rapid anthropogenic activity such as industrialization and urbanization has led to increasing the CO2 level in the environment. CO2 is captured and utilized as the carbon source for synthesizing various value-added products through physical and chemical methods. However, the physical and chemical techniques do not provide an ecologically friendly or cost-effective procedure. Some advanced innovative, environmentally friendly green methods based on photosynthesis, microbial electrosynthesis, and gas fermentation processes can help to clean the atmosphere by sequestering CO2 and producing value-added products from CO2. This approach has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, increase productivity, and create new economic opportunities. In this review, we found that the photosynthetic process has a high capacity for CO2 sequestration. In contrast, the microbial electrosynthesis and gas fermentation processes have a high efficiency of value-added product synthesis. These biological CO2 sequestration technologies contribute to the sustainability of the global carbon process. However, each method has its own strengths and weaknesses, and the choice of method will depend on the specific goals and resources of a sequestration project. This report also defined the various influencing factors of photosynthetic, microbial electrosynthesis, and gas fermentation processes for optimized development of these technologies, while challenges and future directions are also discussed.