Combining alternative and conventional systems for environmental gains

Two conventional cropping systems (winter wheat/dry peas and winter wheat/spring barley/dry peas) in the dryland grain region of southeastern Washington were compared with several alternative systems regarding profitability and environmental impacts. Two of the alternative systems use green manure c...

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Veröffentlicht in:American journal of alternative agriculture 1995-06, Vol.10 (2), p.88-96
Hauptverfasser: Painter, K.M., Young, D.L., Granatstein, D.M., Mulla, D.J.
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container_issue 2
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container_title American journal of alternative agriculture
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creator Painter, K.M.
Young, D.L.
Granatstein, D.M.
Mulla, D.J.
description Two conventional cropping systems (winter wheat/dry peas and winter wheat/spring barley/dry peas) in the dryland grain region of southeastern Washington were compared with several alternative systems regarding profitability and environmental impacts. Two of the alternative systems use green manure crops and have low fertilizer and pesticide requirements. The remaining two are otherwise conventional rotations modified to include soil-building crops, bluegrass seed and rapeseed. Estimates of annual off-site erosion damage ranged from $6.56 to $20.50 per rotational acre, while on-site damage estimates ranged from $0.50 to $1.55 per rotational acre. Estimated leaching losses of pesticides to a water table 3.6 feet deep were negligible, but significant leaching losses of nitrate-N were predicted to occur from fall-applied inorganic fertilizer. Including bluegrass in a conventional grain rotation increased estimated net returns over variable costs by 16% and decreased soil loss by 33% compared with the most profitable conventional rotation. The next most profitable alternative system, rapeseed plus a conventional grain rotation, had slightly higher net returns over variable costs than the second most profitable conventional rotation, with slightly less soil loss. When fixed costs of machinery depreciation and land are included, the alternative systems fared relatively better. An experimental wheat/pea/medic system had higher projected net returns over total costs than the most profitable conventional rotation, while averaging just one-third as much soil loss per year. A wheat/barley/sweetclover green manure rotation was similar in profitability to the less profitable conventional rotation, but had only two-thirds as much soil loss. We constructed a mixed-integer linear programming model to determine the profitmaximizing combination of conventional and alternative rotations under 1990 farm bill provisions. Planting all or nearly all land to the bluegrass plus conventional grain rotation maximized returns over total costs for high, medium, and low program crop price scenarios. Farmers maximized profit by participating in both the wheat and barley programs under the low price scenario, only in the wheat program with moderate prices, and in neither the wheat nor the barley program under the high price scenario.
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Soil science and plant productions</topic><topic>alternative cropping systems</topic><topic>Barley</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>commodity programs</topic><topic>Crop economics</topic><topic>Crop rotation</topic><topic>Dryland farming</topic><topic>Erosion</topic><topic>farm policy</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>General agroecology. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development. Rural area planning. Landscaping</topic><topic>General agronomy. Plant production</topic><topic>Generalities. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development</topic><topic>green manure crops</topic><topic>Leaching</topic><topic>nitrate leaching</topic><topic>pesticide leaching</topic><topic>rapeseed</topic><topic>Rotation</topic><topic>Soil erosion</topic><topic>Sustainable agriculture</topic><topic>Wheat</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Painter, K.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Young, D.L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Granatstein, D.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mulla, D.J.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>American journal of alternative agriculture</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Painter, K.M.</au><au>Young, D.L.</au><au>Granatstein, D.M.</au><au>Mulla, D.J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Combining alternative and conventional systems for environmental gains</atitle><jtitle>American journal of alternative agriculture</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Alt Ag</addtitle><date>1995-06</date><risdate>1995</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>88</spage><epage>96</epage><pages>88-96</pages><issn>0889-1893</issn><eissn>1478-5498</eissn><coden>AJAAEZ</coden><abstract>Two conventional cropping systems (winter wheat/dry peas and winter wheat/spring barley/dry peas) in the dryland grain region of southeastern Washington were compared with several alternative systems regarding profitability and environmental impacts. Two of the alternative systems use green manure crops and have low fertilizer and pesticide requirements. The remaining two are otherwise conventional rotations modified to include soil-building crops, bluegrass seed and rapeseed. Estimates of annual off-site erosion damage ranged from $6.56 to $20.50 per rotational acre, while on-site damage estimates ranged from $0.50 to $1.55 per rotational acre. Estimated leaching losses of pesticides to a water table 3.6 feet deep were negligible, but significant leaching losses of nitrate-N were predicted to occur from fall-applied inorganic fertilizer. Including bluegrass in a conventional grain rotation increased estimated net returns over variable costs by 16% and decreased soil loss by 33% compared with the most profitable conventional rotation. The next most profitable alternative system, rapeseed plus a conventional grain rotation, had slightly higher net returns over variable costs than the second most profitable conventional rotation, with slightly less soil loss. When fixed costs of machinery depreciation and land are included, the alternative systems fared relatively better. An experimental wheat/pea/medic system had higher projected net returns over total costs than the most profitable conventional rotation, while averaging just one-third as much soil loss per year. A wheat/barley/sweetclover green manure rotation was similar in profitability to the less profitable conventional rotation, but had only two-thirds as much soil loss. We constructed a mixed-integer linear programming model to determine the profitmaximizing combination of conventional and alternative rotations under 1990 farm bill provisions. Planting all or nearly all land to the bluegrass plus conventional grain rotation maximized returns over total costs for high, medium, and low program crop price scenarios. Farmers maximized profit by participating in both the wheat and barley programs under the low price scenario, only in the wheat program with moderate prices, and in neither the wheat nor the barley program under the high price scenario.</abstract><cop>Cambridge, UK</cop><pub>Cambridge University Press</pub><doi>10.1017/S0889189300006214</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Agricultural and farming systems
Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions
alternative cropping systems
Barley
Biological and medical sciences
commodity programs
Crop economics
Crop rotation
Dryland farming
Erosion
farm policy
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
General agroecology. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development. Rural area planning. Landscaping
General agronomy. Plant production
Generalities. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development
green manure crops
Leaching
nitrate leaching
pesticide leaching
rapeseed
Rotation
Soil erosion
Sustainable agriculture
Wheat
title Combining alternative and conventional systems for environmental gains
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